Disorders - Alcohol Use
Deady, M., Mills, K. L., Teesson, M., Kay-Lambkin, F.
BACKGROUND: Depression and problematic alcohol use represent two of the major causes of disease burden in young adults. These conditions frequently co-occur and this is associated with increased harm and poorer outcomes than either disorder in isolation. Integrated treatments have been shown to be effective; however, there remains a significant gap between those in need of treatment and those receiving it. The increased availability of eHealth programs presents a unique opportunity to treat these conditions.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an automated Web-based self-help intervention (DEAL Project) in treating co-occurring depressive symptoms and problematic alcohol use in young people.
METHODS: Young people (aged 18 to 25 years) with moderate depression symptoms and drinking at hazardous levels (recruited largely via social media) were randomly allocated to the DEAL Project (n=60) or a Web-based attention-control condition (HealthWatch; n=44). The trial consisted of a 4-week intervention phase with follow-up assessment at posttreatment and at 3 and 6 months postbaseline. The primary outcomes were change in depression severity according to the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 as well as quantity and frequency of alcohol use (TOT-AL).
RESULTS: The DEAL Project was associated with statistically significant improvement in depression symptom severity (d=0.71) and reductions in alcohol use quantity (d=0.99) and frequency (d=0.76) in the short term compared to the control group. At 6-month follow-up, the improvements in the intervention group were maintained; however, the differences between the intervention and control groups were no longer statistically significant, such that between-group effects were in the small to moderate range at 6 months (depression symptoms: d=0.39; alcohol quantity: d=-0.09; alcohol frequency: d=0.24).
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the DEAL Project was associated with more rapid improvement in both depression symptoms and alcohol use outcomes in young people with these co-occurring conditions relative to an attention-control condition. However, long-term outcomes are less clear.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12613000033741; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=363461 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6fpsLEGOy).
Journal of Medical Internet Research, 18(3) : e71
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Depressive Disorders, Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions, Self-help
, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
DeMartini, K. S., Gueorguieva, R., Leeman, R. F., Corbin, W. R., Fucito, L. M., Kranzler, H. R., OMalley, S. S.
Objective: Behavioral interventions for young adults show limited effects 1-year posttreatment. Few studies have examined the longitudinal outcomes of pharmacotherapy trials to reduce heavy drinking. This study examined the posttreatment, longitudinal effects of the first placebo-controlled trial of naltrexone in young adult heavy drinkers. Method: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-week trial. Follow-up assessments at posttreatment (8 weeks [8W]), 3 months [3M], 6 months [6M], and 12 months [12M]). Participants were young adults ages 18-25 (N = 118) who reported >4 heavy drinking days in the prior 4 weeks. Outcomes were percent days heavy drinking (PHDD), percent days abstinent (PDA), and drinks per drinking day (DPDD). Results: There were no time effects on PHDD. Treatment improvements were maintained posttreatment. A main effect of time was found for PDA. Both conditions continued to increase PDA posttreatment. For DPDD, a Treatment xTime interaction emerged. In the naltrexone condition, DPDD increased from 8W to 6M and decreased from 6M to 12M, resulting in no net change posttreatment. The placebo group had a nonsignificant decrease in DPDD. The result was a significant benefit of naltrexone at 8W but not 12M. Conclusions: Participants showed improvements or no change on most outcomes over 1 year posttreatment. Naltrexone had significant benefits over placebo at 8W. Although differences among groups diminished during follow-up, overall effects were maintained. Behavioral monitoring during treatment may impact long-term outcomes more than a single intervention following discontinuation of active medication. Copyright © 2016 APA, all rights reserved.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 84(2) : 185-190
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions (any)
, Medications used to treat substance abuse
den-Uyl, T. E., Gladwin, T. E., Wiers, R. W.
Background: Cognitive bias modification (CBM) can be used to retrain automatic approach tendencies for alcohol. We investigated whether changing cortical excitability with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could enhance CBM effects in hazardous drinkers. We also studied the underlying mechanisms by including behavioral (craving, implicit associations, approach tendencies) and electrophysiological (event-related potentials) measurements. Methods: The analytical sample consisted of 78 hazardous drinkers (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test >8) randomly assigned to 4 conditions in a 2-by-2 factorial design (control/active CBM and sham/active tDCS). The intervention consisted of 3 sessions of CBM, specifically alcohol approach bias retraining, combined with 15 minutes 1 mA tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. There was a pre- and postassessment before and after the intervention that included experimental tasks (Approach Avoidance Task, Implicit Association Task) and an electroencephalogram with an oddball and cue-reactivity task. Results: tDCS decreased cue-induced craving (but not overall craving) on postassessment. CBM did not induce an avoidance bias during assessment. During the training, active and control-CBM only differed in bias score during the first session. We found no enhancement effects of tDCS on CBM. Electrophysiological data showed no clear effects of active tDCS or CBM on the P300. Conclusions: There were no electrophysiological or behavioral effects of repeated CBM and/or tDCS, except for an effect of tDCS on craving. Applied in these specific ways these techniques appear to have limited effects in a hazardous drinking population. Copyright © 2016 by the Research Society on Alcoholism
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 40(10) : 2124-2133
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions (any)
, Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Attention/cognitive bias modification
Di-Lemma, L., Field, M.
Both Cue Avoidance Training (CAT) and Inhibitory Control Training (ICT) reduce alcohol consumption in the laboratory. However, these interventions have never been directly compared and their mechanisms of action are poorly understood. In this study we compared the effects of CAT and ICT on alcohol consumption and investigated if they led to theoretically predicted changes in alcohol avoidance (CAT) or alcohol-inhibition (ICT) associations, and changes in evaluation of alcohol cues. Heavy drinking young adults (n = 120) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) CAT (repeatedly pushing alcohol cues away with a joystick), (2) sham (control) CAT; (3) ICT (repeatedly inhibiting behaviour in response to alcohol cues); or (4) sham (control) ICT. Changes in reaction times and automatic evaluations of alcohol cues were assessed before and after training using assessment versions of these tasks and the implicit association test (IAT), respectively. Finally, participants completed a bogus taste test in which their alcohol consumption was monitored. We found that, compared to sham conditions, CAT and ICT both led to reduced alcohol consumption (F(1,116) = 26.08 p = .01) although there was no difference between the two. Neither intervention affected performance on the IAT (Fs .52), and changes in reaction time did not suggest the formation of alcohol avoidance (CAT) or alcohol-inhibition (ICT) associations after training. We conclude that CAT and ICT yield equivalent reductions in alcohol consumption in the laboratory. However, these behavioural effects were not accompanied by devaluation of stimuli or the formation of alcohol-avoidance or alcohol- inhibition associations, contrary to expectations. Further work is required to investigate the mechanism of action of these novel interventions.
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 40 : 125A
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Dvorak, R. D., Pearson, M. R., Neighbors, C., Martens, M. P., Stevenson, B. L., Kuvaas, N. J.
Objective: Drinking remains a problem across college campuses. Changing this behavior requires interventions that can be easily and widely dispersed. Several theories place intentions as a proximal predictor of behavior change. The current study examines the effects of a Web-based Deviance Regulation Theory (DRT) intervention on (1) intentions to use alcohol protective behavior strategies (PBS) and (2) associations between these intentions and actual behavior. Method: Participants (n = 76) completed a 6-week, Web-based study examining drinking behaviors. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a positive frame about individuals who use PBS or a negative frame about individuals who do not. They also reported normative perceptions of PBS use among college students. They subsequently logged onto a secure server each week to report on alcohol involvement, use of 3 types of PBS (Manner of Drinking, Stopping/Limiting, and Serious Harm Reduction), and intentions to use these PBS the following week. Results: Consistent with DRT, negative frames resulted in higher PBS use intentions if individuals held high normative beliefs about PBS use. Positive frames resulted in higher Manner of Drinking PBS use intentions if individuals held low normative beliefs about PBS use, but only if individuals endorsed a high belief in the frame. In addition, there was a DRT consistent increase in intention-action associations, but only for Stopping/Limiting PBS. Discussion: A brief Web-based DRT intervention was effective at increasing PBS intentions and increasing PBS intention-action associations. DRT may provide a mechanism to additively or synergistically improve other Web-based interventions for college drinking. Copyright © 2016 American Psychological Association.
Health Psychology, 35(6) : 604-613
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Earle, A. M., Boyle, S. C., LaBrie, J. W.
Based in Social Norms Theory (Perkins, 2002), Personalized Normative Feedback (PNF) has emerged as a dominant strategy to combat alcohol-related problems on college campuses. In fact, leading multi-component alcohol education programs (AlcoholEdu, eCHUG, BASICS) all contain a PNFmodule. In PNF participants report perceptions of typical student alcohol consumption and are then corrected based on national averages. Though PNF use is widespread, effect sizes obtained from randomized controlled trials have beenmodest (eg., Neighbors et al., 2010). A potential limiting concern for PNF is that participants may only alter their behavior to the extent that they accept the normative statistics shared with them as accurate and relevant, but only 40% report believing the numbers they are given (Granfield, 2002). Another potential limitation of PNF, informed by psychological reactance theory (Brehm, 1966), is that students might reactively increase their consumption to assert their independence from influence if they determine the purpose of PNF is to reduce drinking. Therefore, the current study randomly assigned 267 college students (71% female, 61.5% White) to receive either typical PNF or an app designed by the researchers to deliver the same PNF information in a more believable, less overt way. The Campus GANDR app connected to students' Facebook accounts and ostensibly matched participants with 132 same-sex college students across the country who were all also logged in. Three topics then appeared to be "randomly" selected- however, the topics were always alcohol, social media, and TV. Next, the participants answered questions assessing their perceptions of how often a typical student of the same sex performed a given behavior (i.e., consumed 4 or more drinks on a single occasion, watched 4 or more hours of TV, etc.) during the previous 2 weeks. At the end of each round the true answers (apparently calculated live based on the responses of the other 132 students, but actually based on data collected during a previous study at the same university) were revealed and the participant won points for a correct answer while losing points for an incorrect answer. When finding out their final score participants in the Campus GANDR condition viewed feedback graphs comparing their perceptions and own behaviors to the actual student averages. These graphs were exactly the same as those viewed at the end of the PNF condition. Two weeks later, participants completed a follow-up questionnaire. ANCOVA models revealed that Campus GANDR participants had significantly reduced perceptions of average and peak drinks consumed by typical students relative to PNF participants. Further, assignment to the Campus GANDR condition was associated with decreased alcohol consumption on both average and peak drinking occasions, relative to PNF, during the 2 weeks after intervention. Additionally, Campus GANDR participants reported being significantly less distrustful of the information that was presented to them in the graphs. Findings, while preliminary, as Campus GANDR is the first study to conduct a live social norms session online and to disguise PNF in the form of a game, support the potential for increasing efficacy of PNF using these approaches.
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 40 : 111A
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Personalised feedback, normative feedback
, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS), Other service delivery and improvement interventions
Fazzino, T. L., Rose, G. L., Helzer, J. E.
OBJECTIVE: Web-based brief alcohol intervention (WBI) programs have efficacy in a wide range of college students and have been widely disseminated to universities to address heavy alcohol use. In the majority of efficacy studies, web-based research assessments were conducted before the intervention. Web-based research assessments may elicit reactivity, which could inflate estimates of WBI efficacy. The current study tested whether web-based research assessments conducted in combination with a WBI had additive effects on alcohol use outcomes, compared to a WBI only.
METHODS: Undergraduate students (n=856) from universities in the United States and Canada participated in this online study. Eligible individuals were randomized to complete 1) research assessments+WBI or 2) WBI-only. Alcohol consumption, alcohol-related problems, and protective behaviors were assessed at one-month follow up.
RESULTS: Multiple regression using 20 multiply imputed datasets indicated that there were no significant differences at follow up in alcohol use, alcohol-related problems, or protective behaviors used when controlling for variables with theoretical and statistical relevance. A repeated measures analysis of covariance revealed a significant decrease in peak estimated blood alcohol concentration in both groups, but no differential effects by randomized group. There were no significant moderating effects from gender, hazardous alcohol use, or motivation to change drinking.
CONCLUSIONS: Web-based research assessments combined with a web-based alcohol intervention did not inflate estimates of intervention efficacy when measured within-subjects. Our findings suggest universities may be observing intervention effects similar to those cited in efficacy studies, although effectiveness trials are needed.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Addictive Behaviors, 52 : 66-74
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Personalised feedback, normative feedback
, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Fernandez, A. C., Yurasek, A. M., Merrill, J. E., Miller, M. B., Zamboanga, B. L., Carey, K. B., Borsari, B.
Purpose: College students frequently engage in drinking games (DG) and experience a variety of consequences as a result. It is currently unknown whether brief motivational interventions (BMIs) that address DGcan reduce participation in this high-risk behavior or whether in-session student language is linked to subsequent changes in DG participation. This study examined outcome data from two randomized clinical trials to determine whether mandated college students reduced frequency of engaging in DG following a BMI that addressed DG-related behavior in the context of a broader alcohol intervention. We also examined whether student change talk (supporting a reduction in DG participation) or sustain talk (supporting staying the same) predicted subsequent DG participation and whether gender moderated these effects. Methods: Participants in the study (Trial 1 N = 198, 46% female; Trial 2 N = 412; 32% female) were mandated college students randomized to a BMI (n = 99 in Trial 1, n = 213 in Trial 2) or a control condition (n = 99 in Trial 1, n = 199 in Trial 2). In both samples, Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) was used to compare the BMI and control groups to determine whether the BMI reduced DG participation immediately post-intervention and/or over the course of follow-up assessments. Change and sustain talk were examined as predictors of change in DG frequency, and gender was examined as a moderator of treatment effects on DG participation. Results: Participants who received a BMI did not significantly reduce their frequency of DG participation relative to the control group in either sample. Furthermore, the amount of DG-related change talk during the BMI did not predict reduction in DG frequency. In Trial 1 data, DG-related sustain talk predicted a steeper increase in DG participation frequency across follow-ups (back towards baseline levels). The BMI was equally ineffective at reducing DG behavior for both males and females. Conclusions: This research addresses several key questions: whether BMIs facilitate change in DG participation and how BMIs may foster these observed effects. Findings did not support hypothesized reductions in DG participation following a BMI. Consistent with emerging research, sustain talk predicted continued high-risk behavior. Future research should explore whether targeted DG interventions reduce DG participation and the role of in-session client language.
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 40 : 69A
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy
Fitzpatrick, B., Polidan, E.
Social norms marketing campaigns (SNMCs) became a popular intervention for the pervasive phenomenon of college drinking. It is well established that college students perceive higher levels of drinking among their peers than is actually the case, and this over perception is highly correlated with increased drinking. SNMCs are based on the hypothesis that reducing the misperception will lead to reductions in actual drinking. The Social Norms Marketing Research Program(SNMRP) undertook a study of two cohorts of randomized pairs of colleges and universities from 2000-2004 to determine whether schools treated with a SNMC would have lower drinking than control schools. The mixed results are well documented. Since the aim of the SNMRP was to reduce drinking by reducing misperception, we hypothesized that the misperception would be reduced in the treatment schools. Our findings are that the data do not support this hypothesis. We did, however, find demographic characteristics predictive of a reduction in misperception. We suggest that there are other identity and social processes impacting the relationship between student perceived norms and the student's own drinking behavior. An important statistical methodological issue is that drinking data often tend to be skewed and to have heavy tails. Examination of the SNMRP data showed this to be true, prompting use of a more robust quantile hierarchical linear model.
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 40 : 172A
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Personalised feedback, normative feedback
Diestelkamp, S., Drechsel, M., Baldus, C., Wartberg, L., Arnaud, N., Thomasius, R.
Background: Increasing numbers of youth in need of emergency medical treatment following alcohol intoxication have been a major public health concern in Europe in recent years. Brief interventions (BIs) in the emergency department (ED) could prevent future risky drinking. However, effectiveness and feasibility of this approach are currently unclear. Method: A systematic literature search on controlled trials including participants aged 12-25 years treated in an ED following an alcohol-related event was conducted. Additionally, a grey literature search was conducted to support findings from the systematic review with evidence from practice projects and uncontrolled trials. Data on effectiveness, acceptance, implementation and reach were extracted. Results: Seven randomised controlled trials (RCT), 6 practice projects, 1 non-randomised pilot study and 1 observational study were identified. Six RCTs found reductions of alcohol use for all participants. Four RCTs found effects on alcohol consumption, alcohol-related risk-behaviour or referral to treatment. Participation and referral rates varied strongly, whereas data on acceptance and implementation were rarely assessed. Conclusion: Heterogeneity of study designs and effects limit conclusions on effectiveness of BIs for young ED patients following an alcohol-related event. However, the number of practice projects in Europe indicates a need perceived by practitioners to address this population. Copyright © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.
European Addiction Research, 22(1) : 17-35
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions, Other service delivery and improvement interventions
Foxcroft, D. R., Coombes, L., Wood, S., Allen, D., Almeida-Santimano, N. M., Moreira, M. T.
BACKGROUND: Alcohol use and misuse in young people is a major risk behaviour for mortality and morbidity. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a popular technique for addressing excessive drinking in young adults.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of motivational interviewing (MI) interventions for preventing alcohol misuse and alcohol-related problems in young adults.
SEARCH METHODS: We identified relevant evidence from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2015, Issue 12), MEDLINE (January 1966 to July 2015), EMBASE (January 1988 to July 2015), and PsycINFO (1985 to July 2015). We also searched clinical trial registers and handsearched references of topic-related systematic reviews and the included studies.
SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials in young adults up to the age of 25 years comparing MIs for prevention of alcohol misuse and alcohol-related problems with no intervention, assessment only or alternative interventions for preventing alcohol misuse and alcohol-related problems.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used the standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane.
MAIN RESULTS: We included a total of 84 trials (22,872 participants), with 70/84 studies reporting interventions in higher risk individuals or settings. Studies with follow-up periods of at least four months were of more interest in assessing the sustainability of intervention effects and were also less susceptible to short-term reporting or publication bias. Overall, the risk of bias assessment showed that these studies provided moderate or low quality evidence.At four or more months follow-up, we found effects in favour of MI for the quantity of alcohol consumed (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.15 to -0.06 or a reduction from 13.7 drinks/week to 12.5 drinks/week; moderate quality evidence); frequency of alcohol consumption (SMD -0.14, 95% CI -0.21 to -0.07 or a reduction in the number of days/week alcohol was consumed from 2.74 days to 2.52 days; moderate quality evidence); and peak blood alcohol concentration, or BAC (SMD -0.12, 95% CI -0.20 to 0.05, or a reduction from 0.144% to 0.131%; moderate quality evidence).We found a marginal effect in favour of MI for alcohol problems (SMD -0.08, 95% CI -0.17 to 0.00 or a reduction in an alcohol problems scale score from 8.91 to 8.18; low quality evidence) and no effects for binge drinking (SMD -0.04, 95% CI -0.09 to 0.02, moderate quality evidence) or for average BAC (SMD -0.05, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.08; moderate quality evidence). We also considered other alcohol-related behavioural outcomes, and at four or more months follow-up, we found no effects on drink-driving (SMD -0.13, 95% CI -0.36 to 0.10; moderate quality of evidence) or other alcohol-related risky behaviour (SMD -0.15, 95% CI -0.31 to 0.01; moderate quality evidence).Further analyses showed that there was no clear relationship between the duration of the MI intervention (in minutes) and effect size. Subgroup analyses revealed no clear subgroup effects for longer-term outcomes (four or more months) for assessment only versus alternative intervention controls; for university/college vs other settings; or for higher risk vs all/low risk participants.None of the studies reported harms related to MI.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The results of this review indicate that there are no substantive, meaningful benefits of MI interventions for preventing alcohol use, misuse or alcohol-related problems. Although we found some statistically significant effects, the effect sizes were too small, given the measurement scales used in the included studies, to be of relevance to policy or practice. Moreover, the statistically significant effects are not consistent for all misuse measures, and the quality of evidence is not strong, implying that any effects could be inflated by risk of bias.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 7 : CD007025
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy
Hongthong, D., Areesantichai, C.
Objectives: This study aimed to test the effects of alcohol prevention program, PALMSS (P = peer, A = alcohol knowledge, L = low-risk drinking, M = media-influence, S = social drinking and S = self-efficacy), on knowledge about alcohol among grade 11 students in Phayao province, where prevalence of alcohol consumption was high. Methods: A quasi-experiment was implemented in two high schools. One hundred fifty low-risk drinkers voluntarily participated in the program (Intervention, n = 75; Control, n = 75). Knowledge about alcohol was assessed four times: at baseline, exit point (4 weeks after baseline), 1 month, 3 month, and 6 months post-intervention. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Mann-Whitney test, independent t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: After adjusting for GPA and peer drinking, there was a positive effect of the PALMSS alcohol prevention program on the increase of alcohol knowledge after implementing the program until at 6-month follow-up (F(1,146) = 199.11, p value = < 0.001). Conclusions: The PALMSS alcohol prevention program was more effective than the regular program provided by schools. Findings suggest that the PALMSS is suitable for teenagers and should be implemented in high schools in order to prevent excessive alcohol consumption in high school children. Copyright © 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Journal of Substance Use, 21(5) : 460-465
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Skills training, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)