Disorders - Alcohol Use
Strom, H. K., Adolfsen, F., Fossum, S., Kaiser, S., Martinussen, M.
Background: Preventive interventions for adolescents are an important priority within school systems. Several interventions have been developed, but the effectiveness of such interventions varies considerably between studies. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of universal school-based prevention programs on alcohol use among adolescents by using meta-analytic techniques. Method: A systematic literature search in the databases, PubMed (Medline), PsycINFO (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid) and WEB of Science (ISI) was conducted to search for empirical articles published in the period January 1990 to August 2014. Results: In total, 28 randomized controlled studies with 39,289 participants at baseline were included. Of these 28 articles, 12 studies (N = 16279) reported continuous outcomes (frequency of alcohol use and quantity of alcohol use), and 16 studies (N = 23010) reported categorical data (proportion of students who drank alcohol). The results of the random effects analyses showed that the overall effect size among studies reporting continuous outcomes was small and demonstrated a favorable effect from the preventive interventions (Hedges' g = 0.22, p < .01). The effect size among studies reporting categorical outcomes was not significant (OR = 0.94, p = .25). The level of heterogeneity between studies was found to be significant in most analyses. Moderator analyses conducted to explore the heterogeneity showed neither significant difference between the different school levels (junior high schools and high schools), nor between the varied program intensities (low, medium and high intensity programs). The meta-regression analyses examining continuous moderators showed no significant effects for age or gender. Conclusions: The findings from this meta-analysis showed that, overall, the effects of school-based preventive alcohol interventions on adolescent alcohol use were small but positive among studies reporting the continuous measures, whereas no effect was found among studies reporting the categorical outcomes. Possible population health outcomes, with recommendations for policy and practice, are discussed further in this paper. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention & Policy, 9 : ArtID 48
- Year: 2014
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Systematic reviews
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Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
Witkiewitz, K., Desai, S. A., Bowen, S., Leigh, B. C., Kirouac, M., Larimer, M. E.
Nearly all college student smokers also drink alcohol, and smoking and heavy episodic drinking (HED) commonly co-occur. However, few studies have examined the factors that concurrently influence smoking and HED among college students and, to date, no interventions have been developed that target both HED and smoking in this population. The objective of the current study was to develop and evaluate a mobile feedback intervention that targets HED and smoking. Participants (N = 94) were non-treatmentseeking college students (Mage = 20.5 years, SD = 1.7) who engaged in at least a single HED episode in the past 2 weeks and reported concurrent smoking and drinking at least once a week. Participants were randomized to receive either the mobile intervention for 14 days, complete mobile assessments (without intervention) for 14 days, or complete minimal assessments (without intervention or mobile assessments). At a 1-month follow-up, compared with the minimal assessment condition, we observed significant reductions in the number of cigarettes per smoking day in both the mobile intervention (d = 0.55) and mobile assessment (d = 0.45) conditions. Among those randomized to the mobile intervention, receiving more modules of the intervention was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of any drinking during the 14-day assessment period and significant reductions in smoking at 1-month follow-up. The mobile intervention did not result in significant reductions in HED or concurrent smoking and drinking. Future research should continue to examine ways of using technology and the real-time environment to improve interventions for HED and smoking.
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 28(3) : 639-650
- Year: 2014
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
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Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy, Personalised feedback, normative feedback
, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Walton, M. A., Resko, S., Barry, K. L., Chermack, S. T., Zucker, R. A., Zimmerman, M. A., Booth, B. M., Blow, F. C.
Abstract Aims To examine the efficacy of a brief intervention delivered by a therapist (TBI) or a computer (CBI) in preventing cannabis use among adolescents in urban primary care clinics. Design A randomized controlled trial comparing: CBI and TBI versus control. Setting Urban primary care clinics in the United States. Participants Research staff recruited 714 adolescents (aged 12-18 years) who reported no life-time cannabis use on a screening survey for this study, which included a baseline survey, randomization (stratified by gender and grade) to conditions (control; CBI; TBI) and 3-, 6- and 12-month assessments. Measurements Using an intent-to-treat approach, primary outcomes were cannabis use (any, frequency); secondary outcomes included frequency of other drug use, severity of alcohol use and frequency of delinquency (among 85% completing follow-ups). Findings Compared with controls, CBI participants had significantly lower rates of any cannabis use over 12 months (24.16%, 16.82%, respectively, P < 0.05), frequency of cannabis use at 3 and 6 months (P < 0.05) and other drug use at 3 months (P < 0.01). Compared with controls, TBI participants did not differ in cannabis use or frequency, but had significantly less other drug use at 3 months (P < 0.05), alcohol use at 6 months (P < 0.01) and delinquency at 3 months (P < 0.01). Conclusions Among adolescents in urban primary care in the United States, a computer brief intervention appeared to prevent and reduce cannabis use. Both computer and therapist delivered brief interventions appeared to have small effects in reducing other risk behaviors, but these dissipated over time. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Addiction, 109(5) : 786-797
- Year: 2014
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any), Alcohol Use, Cannabis Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
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Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy, Personalised feedback, normative feedback
, Technology, comparing delivery mode (e.g. online vs. face-to-face)
Vermeulen-Smit, E., Mares, S. H., Verdurmen, J. E., Vorst, H., Schulten, I. G., Engels, R. C., Vollebergh, W. A.
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a theory-based in-home family intervention (In control: No alcohol!) on adolescent alcohol cognitions via its putative mediators using a randomized controlled design. In the South Holland region of the Netherlands, a total of 213 children (11-12 years) and their mothers were randomly assigned to the prevention program (108 dyads) and the control condition (105 dyads). Mediation effects were analyzed using pretest and two follow-up measurements (5 and 12 months after baseline). A path model was estimated (using Mplus) to examine the effect of the intervention on the putative mediators (frequency- and quality of mother-child communication, rules about alcohol, establishing a nondrinking agreement, and parental monitoring of the child's whereabouts). Outcomes were adolescents' perceived harmfulness of drinking and intention to drink. Multigroup analyses were performed to examine potential differences across gender. The program led to an increase in frequency of alcohol-specific communication, nondrinking agreements, and parental monitoring. Moreover, adolescents in the experimental condition perceived drinking to be more harmful and had less intention to drink compared to adolescents in the control condition. The effect of the program on adolescent alcohol cognitions was significantly mediated through having more frequent conversations about alcohol, yet only among boys. Although results on actual drinking need to be added, findings indicate that this relatively inexpensive, easy-to-administer home intervention is promising. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Prevention Science, 15(5) : 633-642
- Year: 2014
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
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Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Vinci, C., Peltier, M., Shah, S., Kinsaul, J., Waldo, K., McVay, M., Copeland, A.
Several theories have proposed that negative affect (NA) plays a large role in the maintenance of substance use behaviors - a phenomenon supported in laboratory-based and clinical studies. It has been demonstrated that mindfulness meditation can improve the regulation of NA, suggesting that mindfulness may be very beneficial in treating problematic substance use behavior. The current study tested whether a brief mindfulness meditation would lower levels of NA, increase willingness to experience NA, lower urges to drink, and increase time to next alcoholic drink in a sample of at-risk college student drinkers (N = 207). Participants were randomized to one of three brief interventions (mindfulness, relaxation, or control) followed by an affect manipulation (negative or neutral stimuli). Affect and urge were measured prior to intervention (Time 1 [T1]), after intervention but prior to affect manipulation (Time 2 [T2]), and immediately after the affect manipulation (Time 3 [T3]). Levels of mindfulness and relaxation were assessed from T1-T3. The additional measures of willingness to continue watching NA images and time to next alcoholic drink were examined at T3. Results indicated that the mindfulness intervention increased state mindfulness and relaxation, and decreased NA immediately following the mindfulness intervention. However, the mindfulness intervention did not influence responses to NA induction on any of the outcome variables at T3. One potential explanation is that the mindfulness intervention was not robust enough to maintain the initial gains made immediately following the intervention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Behaviour Research & Therapy, 59 : 82-93
- Year: 2014
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
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Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
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Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative Interventions (CAM)
, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Mindfulness based therapy, Relaxation
Voogt, C., Kuntsche, E., Kleinjan, M., Poelen, E., Engels, R.
Background: Web-based brief alcohol interventions are effective in reducing alcohol use among students when measured at limited follow-up time points. To date, no studies have tested Web-based brief alcohol intervention effectiveness over time by using a large number of measurements. Objective: Testing whether the What Do You Drink (WDYD) Web-based brief alcohol intervention can sustain a reduction in alcohol use among heavy-drinking students aged 18-24 years at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up intervals. Methods: A purely Web-based, 2-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial applying an ecological momentary assessment approach with 30 weekly measurements was conducted in the Netherlands (2010-2011). Participants were recruited offline and online. A total of 907 participants were randomized into the experimental condition (n = 456) including the single-session and fully automated WDYD intervention, or into the control condition (n = 451) including assessment only. Weekly alcohol consumption and frequency of binge drinking were the self-assessed outcome measures. Results: Attrition rates of the 907 participants were 110 (12.1%), 130 (14.3%), and 162 (17.9%) at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up intervals, respectively. Latent growth curve analyses according to the intention-to-treat principle revealed that participants in the experimental condition had significantly lower weekly alcohol consumption compared to participants in the control condition that was sustained at 3-month follow-up (intercept = -2.60, P < .001; slope = 0.16, P = .08). Additional linear regression analyses indicated that this intercept difference resulted from significantly higher levels of alcohol units per week for participants in the control condition compared to those in the experimental condition at 1-month (beta = -2.56, SE 0.74, Cohen's d = 0.20, P = .001), 3-month (beta = -1.76, SE 0.60, Cohen's d = 0.13, P = .003), and 6-month (beta = -1.21, SE 0.58, Cohen's d = 0.09, P = .04) follow-up intervals. Latent growth curve analyses further indicated that participants in the experimental condition had a significantly lower frequency of binge drinking compared to participants in the control condition that was sustained at 6-month follow-up (intercept = -0.14, P = .01; slope = 0.004, P = .19). This intercept difference resulted from higher levels in this outcome for participants in the control condition relative to participants in the experimental condition at 1-month (beta = -1.15, SE 0.06, Cohen's d = 0.16, P = .01), 3-month (beta = -0.12, SE 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.09, P = .01), and 6-month (beta = -0.09, SE 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.03, P = .045) follow-up intervals. Conclusions: The WDYD intervention was shown to be effective in preventing an increase in weekly alcohol consumption and frequency of binge drinking directly after the intervention. This effect was sustained 3 and 6 months after the intervention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16(1) : 15-28
- Year: 2014
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
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Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy, Personalised feedback, normative feedback
, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Weinstock, J., Capizzi, J., Weber, S. M., Pescatello, L. S., Petry, N. M.
Young adults 18-24 years have the highest rates of problems associated with alcohol use among all age groups, and substance use is inversely related to engagement in substance-free activities. This pilot study investigated the promotion of one specific substance-free activity, exercise, on alcohol use in college students. Thirty-one sedentary college students who engaged in hazardous drinking (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores ∼8) were randomized to one of two conditions: (a) one 50-min session of motivational enhancement therapy (MET) focused on increasing exercise, or (b) one 50-min session of MET focused on increasing exercise plus 8 weeks of contingency management (CM) for adhering to specific exercise activities. All participants completed evaluations at baseline and post-treatment (2-months later) assessing exercise participation and alcohol use. Results of the pilot study suggest the interventions were well received by participants, the MET + CM condition showed an increased self-reported frequency of exercise in comparison to the MET alone condition, but other indices of exercise, physical fitness, and alcohol use did not differ between the interventions over time. These results suggest that a larger scale trial could better assess efficacy of this well received combined intervention. Investigation in other clinically relevant populations is also warranted. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mental Health & Physical Activity, 7(1) : 55-62
- Year: 2014
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative Interventions (CAM)
, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy, Contingency management
, Physical activity, exercise
Weaver, C. C., Leffingwell, T. R., Lombardi, N. J., Claborn, K. R., Miller, M. E., Martens, M. P.
Research on the efficacy of computer-delivered feedback-only interventions (FOIs) for college alcohol misuse has been mixed. Limitations to these FOIs include participant engagement and variation in the use of a moderation skills component. The current investigation sought to address these limitations using a novel computer-delivered FOI, the Drinkers Assessment and Feedback Tool for College Students (DrAFT-CS). Heavy drinking college students (N= 176) were randomly assigned to DrAFT-CS, DrAFT-CS plus moderation skills (DrAFT-CS. +), moderation skills only (MSO), or assessment only (AO) group, and were assessed at 1-month follow-up (N= 157). Participants in the DrAFT-CS and DrAFT-CS. +. groups reported significantly lower estimated blood alcohol concentrations (eBACs) on typical heaviest drinking day than participants in the AO group. The data also supported the incorporation of a moderation skills component within FOIs, such that participants in DrAFT-CS. +. group reported significantly fewer drinks per week and drinks per heaviest drinking occasion than participants in the AO group. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.
Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 46(1) : 22-28
- Year: 2014
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Skills training, Personalised feedback, normative feedback
, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Wojnar, M., Jakubczyk, A.
The prevalence of alcohol abuse among patients treated in accident and emergency departments (A & E) is considered as substantial. This paper is a narrative review of studies investigating the effectiveness of brief interventions (BI) for hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption in A & E. A & E departments in hospitals (and other health care infrastructures) are commonly the place where serious consequences of alcohol drinking are seen and need to be tackled, supporting the suggested theoretical usefulness of delivering BI in this environment. Available research shows that BI may be considered a valuable technique for dealing with alcohol-related problems. However, it is suggested that the usefulness of BI may depend significantly on the target population to be dealt with. BI have proved to be beneficial for male individuals and those patients who do not abuse other psychoactive substances. In contrast, evidence indicates that BI in A&E settings are not effective at all when dealing with men admitted as a consequence of a violence-related event. In addition, some studies were unable to confirm the effectiveness of BI in female population, in emergency setting. Studies investigating the association between drinking patterns and the effectiveness of BI also present inconsistent results. Most studies assessing the effectiveness of BI in A & E settings only adopted a short perspective (looking at the impact up to a maximum of 12 months after the BI was delivered). When assessing the effects of BI, both the amount of alcohol consumed and expected reductions in alcohol consequences, such as injuries, can be taken into account. Evidence on the implementation of brief intervention in emergency departments remains inconclusive as to whether there are clear benefits. A variety of outcome measures and assessing procedures were used in the different studies, which have investigated this topic. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 5 : ArtID 152
- Year: 2014
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Systematic reviews
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Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement
Scott-Sheldon, L. A., Carey, K. B., Elliott, J. C., Garey, L, Carey, M. P.
Objective: Alcohol use established during the first-year of college can result in adverse consequences during the college years and beyond. In this meta-analysis, we evaluated the efficacy of interventions to prevent alcohol misuse by first-year college students. Method: Studies were included if the study reported an individual- or group-level intervention using a randomized controlled trial, targeted 1st-year college students, and assessed alcohol use. Forty-one studies with 62 separate interventions (N = 24,294; 57% women; 77% White) were included. Independent raters coded sample, design, methodological features, and intervention content. Weighted mean effect sizes, using fixed- and random-effects models, were calculated. Potential moderators, determined a priori, were examined to explain variability in effect sizes. Results: Relative to controls, students receiving an intervention reported lower quantity and frequency of drinking and fewer problems (d+s = 0.07-0.14). These results were more pronounced when the interventions were compared with an assessment-only control group (d+s = 0.11-0.19). Intervention content (e.g., personalized feedback) moderated the efficacy of the intervention. Conclusions: Behavioral interventions for 1st-year college students reduce alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. Interventions that include personalized feedback, moderation strategies, expectancy challenge, identification of risky situations, and goal-setting optimize efficacy. Strategies to prevent alcohol misuse among first-year students are recommended. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 82(2) : 177-188
- Year: 2014
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Systematic reviews
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Stage: Universal prevention
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Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
Siegfried, N., Pienaar, D. C., Ataguba, J. E., Volmink, J., Kredo, T., Jere, M., Parry, C. D. H.
Background: Alcohol is estimated to be the fifth leading risk factor for global disability-adjusted life years. Restricting or banning alcohol advertising may reduce exposure to the risk posed by alcohol at the individual and general population level. To date, no systematic review has evaluated the effectiveness, possible harms and cost-effectiveness of this intervention.Objectives: To evaluate the benefits, harms and costs of restricting or banning the advertising of alcohol, via any format, compared with no restrictions or counter-advertising, on alcohol consumption in adults and adolescents.Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group Specialised Register (May 2014); CENTRAL (Issue 5, 2014); MEDLINE (1966 to 28 May 2014); EMBASE (1974 to 28 May 2014); PsychINFO (June 2013); and five alcohol and marketing databases in October 2013. We also searched seven conference databases and www.clinicaltrials.gov and http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/ in October 2013. We checked the reference lists of all studies identified and those of relevant systematic reviews or guidelines, and contacted researchers, policymakers and other experts in the field for published or unpublished data, regardless of language.Selection criteria: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, controlled before-and-after studies and interrupted time series (ITS) studies that evaluated the restriction or banning of alcohol advertising via any format including advertising in the press, on the television, radio, or internet, via billboards, social media or product placement in films. The data could be at the individual (adults or adolescent) or population level.Data collection and analysis: We used the standard methodological procedures expected by The Cochrane Collaboration.Main results: We included one small RCT (80 male student participants conducted in the Netherlands and published in 2009) and three ITS studies (general population studies in Canadian provinces conducted in the 1970s and 80s).The RCT found that young men exposed to movies with a low-alcohol content drank less than men exposed to movies with a high-alcohol content (mean difference (MD) -0.65 drinks; 95% CI -1.2, -0.07; p value = 0.03, very-low-quality evidence). Young men exposed to commercials with a neutral content compared with those exposed to commercials for alcohol drank less (MD -0.73 drinks; 95% CI -1.30, -0.16; p value = 0.01, very-low-quality evidence). Outcomes were assessed immediately after the end of the intervention (lasting 1.5 hours), so no follow-up data were available. Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach, the quality of the evidence was rated as very low due to a serious risk of bias, serious indirectness of the included population and serious level of imprecision.Two of the ITS studies evaluated the implementation of an advertising ban and one study evaluated the lifting of such a ban. Each of the three ITS studies evaluated a different type of ban (partial or full) compared with different degrees of restrictions or no restrictions during the control period. The results from the three ITS studies were inconsistent. A meta-analysis of the two studies that evaluated the implementation of a ban showed an overall mean non-significant increase in beer consumption in the general population of 1.10% following the ban (95% CI -5.26, 7.47; p value = 0.43; I2 = 83%, very-low-quality evidence). This finding is consistent with an increase, no difference, or a decrease in alcohol consumption. In the study evaluating the lifting of a total ban on all forms of alcohol advertising to a partial ban on spirits advertising only, which utilised an Abrupt Auto-regressive Integrated Moving Average model, the volume of all forms of alcohol sales decreased by 11.11 kilolitres (95% CI -27.56, 5.34; p value = 0.19) per month after the ban was lifted. In this model, beer and wine sales increased per month by 14.89 kilolitres (95% CI 0.39, 29.39; p v lue = 0.04) and 1.15 kilolitres (95% CI -0.91, 3.21; p value = 0.27), respectively, and spirits sales decreased statistically significantly by 22.49 kilolitres (95% CI -36.83, -8.15; p value = 0.002). Using the GRADE approach, the evidence from the ITS studies was rated as very low due to a high risk of bias arising from a lack of randomisation and imprecision in the results.No other prespecified outcomes (including economic loss or hardship due to decreased alcohol sales) were addressed in the included studies and no adverse effects were reported in any of the studies. None of the studies were funded by the alcohol or advertising industries.Authors' conclusions: There is a lack of robust evidence for or against recommending the implementation of alcohol advertising restrictions. Advertising restrictions should be implemented within a high-quality, well-monitored research programme to ensure the evaluation over time of all relevant outcomes in order to build the evidence base.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (11) : CD010704
- Year: 2014
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement
Yurasek, A. M., Fernandez, A. C., Magill, M., Mastroleo, N., Hustad, J. T. P., Borsari, B.
Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of Brief Motivational Interventions (BMIs) on reducing college student drinking and associated problems. However, little is known about potentialmediators of this relationship. In the present study, 530 mandated college students who reported continued risky alcohol consumption 6 weeks following a brief advice session were randomized to either a 60- minute BMI or an assessment only (AO) control condition. Participants' expectancies for drinking, reasons for limited drinking (RFLD), and discrepancy of self/other alcohol consumption norms were examined as mediators of BMI effects. Results indicated that the BMI significantly reduced alcohol-related problems at 3-, 6-, and 9-months compared to the AO condition.Mediation analyses indicated that alcohol-related expectancies mediated the association between experimental condition and alcohol-related problems at 6 months. Students in the BMI condition had lower negative expectancies and cognitive impairment expectancies at 3 months, which were associated with fewer alcohol-related problems at 6 months. Students in the BMI condition had higher tension reduction expectancies at 3 months, which were associated with more problems at 6 months. Self/other normdiscrepancy at 3 months significantly mediated the effect of the intervention on problems. Specifically, the BMI condition was associated with higher discrepancy at 3 months, which was related to more problems at 6 months. RFLD was not a significant mediator. Results suggest that reductions in alcohol-related problems following BMIsmay result from changes in expectancies and norm discrepancies. Reductions in negative expectancies and cognitive impairment expectancies appear to lead to reductions in alcohol-related problems, whereas increased tension reduction expectancies may lead to an increase in problems. Clinicians should address the risk of drinking to relax and provide alternative strategies. Additionally, BMI participation led to increased discrepancy between self/other drinking, which was associated with increased alcohol use and alcohol- related problems. One explanation for this finding may be that students who received feedback that their drinking was less than the average studentmay have resulted in increased consumption and problems. Tailoring BMIs to focus on alternate coping strategies for tension reduction and adjusting normative presentations for lower risk drinkersmay enhance current approaches.
Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 38 : 269A
- Year: 2014
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy