Disorders - Alcohol Use
Spirito, A., Sindelar-Manning, H., Colby, S. M., Barnett, N. P., Lewander, W., Rohsenow, D. J., Monti, P. M.
Objective: To determine whether a brief individual motivational interview (IMI) plus a family motivational interview (Family Check-Up [FCU]) would reduce alcohol use in adolescents treated in an emergency department after an alcohol-related event more effectively than would an IMI only. Design: Two-group randomized design with 3 follow-up time points. Setting: An urban regional level I trauma center. Participants: Adolescents aged 13 to 17 years (N = 125) with a positive blood alcohol concentration as tested using blood, breath, or saliva. Interventions: Either IMI or IMI plus FCU. Main Outcome Measures: Drinking frequency (days per month), quantity (drinks per occasion), and frequency of high-volume drinking ((greater-than or equal to)5 drinks per occasion). Results: Both conditions resulted in a reduction in all drinking outcomes at all follow-up points (P < .001 for all), with the strongest effects at 3 and 6 months. Adding the FCU to the IMI resulted in a somewhat better outcome than did the IMI only on high-volume drinking days at 3-month follow-up (14.6% vs 32.1%, P = .048; odds ratio, 2.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.99-7.75). Conclusions: Motivational interventions have a positive effect on drinking outcomes in the short term after an alcohol-related emergency department visit. Adding the FCU to an IMI resulted in somewhat better effects on high-volume drinking at short-term follow-up than did an IMI only. The cost of extra sessions necessary to complete the FCU should be weighed against the potential benefit of reducing high-volume drinking when considering adding the FCU to an IMI for this population. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT 00247221. (copyright)2011 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 165(3) : 269-274
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Family therapy, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy
Zywiak, W. H., Graney, D. D., Wood, M. D., Stout, R. L.
College Facilitation for Alcohol Problems has been developed from Extended Case Monitoring (Stout et al. 1999) to address heavy drinking among college students with an intervention that capitalizes on students being available for a number of semesters, at a time when drinking patterns are being developed. Three hundred seventy-four First Offenders of a university's substance use policy were randomized to college facilitation or college as usual. College facilitation consisted of telephone calls about once a month spread across four academic semesters. The phone calls emphasized rapport, academic progress, and used academic progress has a hook to reduce drinking intensity among college students. In addition, any topics or issues that the student wanted to bring up were discussed. The sample consisted of 160 (43%) women, 354 (95%) Caucasian students, and 274 (73%) freshmen. All students were scheduled to complete 6, 12, 18, and 24 month research follow-ups and retention rates were 97, 94, 91, and 88%, respectively. Sixty-four percent or 11.5 of the 18 planned college facilitation (CF) telephone contacts were completed. Since academic progress was a large component of the telephone calls, and academic drinking is known to vary according to the day of the week, we examined drinking on each day of the last full week of classes, for each of the four semesters following randomization. Contrary to predictions, during the first end of the semester following randomization, there was a statistical trend for more drinking by CF students than control students on that Friday [t(330.6) = 1.84, p = 0.07, CF 4.40 (5.39) SDUs, control 3.41 (4.62) SDUs]. However, when this data was transformed (the fourth root) the statistical trend was no longer evident (p = 0.27). In contrast, in the hypothesized direction, we did find a difference for drinking on Sunday during the last week of the second semester following randomization [t(316.6) = 1.76, p = 0.08, CF 0.07 (0.77) SDUs, control 0.26 (1.20) SDUs, i.e., the controls were drinking four times as much as the CF students on this day]. When this variable was transformed, the group difference was significant [t(273.5=2.47, p = 0.01. d = 0.26]. For g.p.a., there was an increase from baseline to the second semester for CF students relative to controls [t(196) = 2.31, p = 0.02, d = 0.33; CF + 0.07(0.70), control )0.15(0.64)]. This intervention effect on g.p.a. is particularly noteworthy since the g.p.a. data are not susceptible to response bias.
Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 35 : 212A
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any), Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Segatto, M. L., Andreoni, S., de-Souza-e-Silva, R., Diehl, A., Pinsky, I.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of brief motivational interviewing and an educational brochure when delivered in emergency room to reduce alcohol abuse and related problems among adolescents and young adults. Method: A randomized single-blind clinical trial with a three-month follow-up was carried out at three emergency rooms from October 2004 to November 2005; subjects assessed were 16-25 years old treated for alcohol related events up to 6 hours after consumption. Socio-demographic data, quantity, frequency and negative consequences of alcohol consumption, motivation to change habits and future risk perception were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed on subjects who completed follow-up (completers). ANCOVA model was used to analyze the difference between the intervention groups with statistical significance level (alpha) = 5% and confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Results: 186 subjects formed the initial sample, being 175 included and randomized to the educational brochure group (n = 88) or motivational interviewing group (n = 87). Follow-up assessment was performed in 85.2% of the sample. No significant difference between groups was observed. However, significant reductions (p < 0.01) in related problems and alcohol abuse were found in both groups. Conclusion: In this sample a reduction of alcohol use and related problems was observed. Preliminary data indicate that controlled clinical trials with motivational interviewing, educational brochure and nonintervention should be of future interest among Brazilian adolescent populations.
Revista Brasileira De Psiquiatria, 33(3) : 225-233
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy, Psychoeducation
Weinstock, J., Capizzi, J., Pescatello, L. S., Petry, N. M.
Many college students engage in heavy episodic drinking that frequently results in a range of negative consequences and participation in other risky behaviors. Although brief interventions have been shown to reduce alcohol use in college students, few college students seek help for problems related to alcohol. Exercise has been proposed as a potential treatment for alcohol use disorders, as it has many beneficial effects on physical and mental health and is an activity incompatible with concurrent substance use. The majority of college students are sedentary and some wish to increase their fitness levels. Unfortunately, attrition and adherence to an exercise regimen are common methodological weaknesses of intervention studies involving exercise. We developed and evaluated a novel intervention combining motivational enhancement therapy (MET) with contingency management (CM) for exercise. The purpose of this pilot study was (i) to investigate whether an 8-week MET+CM intervention increases exercise in sedentary college students who engage in hazardous drinking in comparison to one session of MET, and (ii) to determine if the MET+CM intervention decreases drinking in comparison to the MET alone intervention. All study procedures were approved by the university's IRB and participants provided informed consent. Participants were 32 sedentary college students who engage in hazardous drinking and were randomly assigned to either an 8-week MET+CM or MET alone intervention. No significant baseline differences were detected for demographic, drinking, and exercise variables, ps > 0.05. At baseline, participants had 12.9 heavy drinking episodes and 6.7 exercise episodes in the past two months. At the posttreatment assessment, MET+CM participants significantly increased exercise participation in comparison to the MET participants, 20.1 episodes and 8.0 episodes, respectively, F(1,27) = 27.6, p < 0.001. Meanwhile, no significant differences in heavy drinking were detected between the intervention conditions (10.8 and 10.3 episodes respectively), p > 0.05. Results suggest that while the MET+CM intervention increased exercise frequency in sedentary hazardous drinking college students in comparison to the MET intervention, drinking did not change across time or by intervention condition. Future studies are advised to investigate whether engagement in exercise impacts drink-related motives and consequences.
Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 35 : 87A
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy, Contingency management
Koning, Ina M., van den Eijnden, Regina J., Verdurmen, Jacqueline E., Engels, Rutger C., Vollebergh, Wilma A.
Background: Early onset of drinking among Dutch adolescents is highly prevalent. A lower age of onset is associated with several developmental and social risks. Purpose: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of two preventive interventions targeting heavy drinking in third-year high school students. Design: Cluster RCT using four conditions for comparing two active interventions (separately and simultaneously) with a control group. Setting/participants: 152 classes of 19 high schools in the Netherlands; 3490 first-year high school students (M = 12.6 years, SD = 0.49) and their parents. Intervention: (1) parent intervention aimed at encouraging restrictive parental rule-setting concerning their children's alcohol consumption; (2) student intervention aimed at increasing self control and healthy attitudes toward alcohol, consisting of four digital lessons based on the principles of the theory of planned behavior and social cognitive theory; (3) interventions 1 and 2 combined; and (4) the regular curriculum as control condition. Main outcome measures: Incidence of (heavy) weekly alcohol use at 34 months (2009) after baseline measurement (2006). Results: There were 2937 students eligible for analyses in this study. At follow-up, only the combined student - parent intervention showed substantial and significant effects on heavy weekly and weekly drinking. Conclusions: The short-term effects found in the present study further support that adolescents as well as their parents should be targeted in order to delay the onset of (heavy) drinking. Trial registration: NTR649. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 40(5) : 541-547
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Skills training, Other Psychological Interventions
LaBrie, Joseph W., Cail, Jessica, Pedersen, Eric R., Migliuri, Savannah
This study examined the effectiveness of a single-session group motivational enhancement alcohol intervention on adjudicated male college students. Over two sequential academic years, 230 students sanctioned by the university for alcohol-related infractions attended a 60- to 75-minute group intervention. The intervention consisted of a timeline followback, social norms education, decisional balance for behavioral change, blood alcohol content (BAC) information, expectancy challenge, and generation of behavioral goals. Participants were followed weekly for three months and showed reductions in drinking (29%) and alcohol-related consequences (32%) at three-month follow-up. The intervention was successful in reducing drinking for both first-year students and upperclassmen, with reductions appearing to be a function of the intervention and not the citation itself. Furthermore, a post hoc control condition revealed that those participants randomly assigned to the intervention group condition reduced drinking (19%) and alcohol-related consequences (44%) more than participants in the control condition over one month. These results provide continued evidence of the effectiveness of group motivational enhancement interventions with adjudicated male college students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 20(1) : 82-98
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy
Hammons, M. E., Negy, C., Romero-Aldana, D., Estevez, R.
The link between heavy episodic alcohol use and numerous negative consequences among college students is well established, and the current research represents an effort to address the need for cost-effective empirically, supported alcohol interventions for at-risk college students. The purpose of this study was to examine the hypocrisy paradigm as an experimental alcohol intervention for college students at-risk for problematic alcohol use and to determine if participants who complete the hypocrisy paradigm will experience a significant reduction in the number of negative consequences associated with their alcohol use, quantity and frequency of alcohol use, and average and peak eBAC compared to college students in the control condition. Participants were 53 college students who reported engaging in a heavy drinking episode in the past six weeks and experiencing negative consequences as a result of alcohol use. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental hypocrisy paradigm intervention or a control condition (Alcohol101 Plus psychoeducational computer program). A series of mixed 2x2 between-within subjects ANOVAs were conducted to assess the impact of the experimental conditions (hypocrisy paradigm vs. control) on participants' outcome measures across two time periods (preintervention and one-month follow-up). The results indicated no significant differences between the experimental conditions. A possible explanation for this finding is that both the hypocrisy paradigm and the control condition significantly and equally decreased postintervention outcomes, making the control condition an active control. Further analyses using a series of paired-samples t-tests revealed that negative consequences associated with alcohol use and frequency of alcohol use significantly decreased from preintervention to follow-up within both conditions. Findings support the effectiveness of both the hypocrisy paradigm and Alcohol101 Plus as cost-effective alcohol interventions for at-risk college students.
Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 35 : 212A
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Other Psychological Interventions
Johnson, Mark B., Clapp, John D.
Objective: Given that most effective alcohol harm-reduction laws specify the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) that constitutes illegal behavior (e.g., the .08% breath alcohol concentration legal limit), interventions that allow drinkers to accurately estimate their BACs, and thus better assess their risk, have potential importance to long-term driving-under-the-influence prevention efforts. This study describes a field experiment designed to test the impact on drinking of providing "Know Your Limit" (KYL) BAC estimation cards to individuals in a natural drinking environment.; Method: We randomly sampled 1,215 U.S. residents as they entered Mexico for a night of drinking, interviewed them, and randomly assigned them to one of six experimental conditions. Participants were reinterviewed and breath-tested when they returned to the United States. The experimental conditions included providing generic warnings about drinking and driving, giving out gender-specific BAC calculator cards (KYL cards), and providing incentives to moderate their drinking.; Results: Cueing participants about the risks of drunk driving resulted in significantly lower BACs (relative to control) for participants who indicated that they would drive home. Providing KYL matrixes did not reduce BACs, and, in fact, some evidence suggests that KYL cards undermined the effect of the warning.; Conclusions: KYL information does not appear to be an effective tool for reducing drinking and driving. Implications for prevention and future research are discussed.;
Journal of Studies on Alcohol & Drugs, 72(1) : 79-85
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Other Psychological Interventions
Kazemi, D. M., Dmochowski, J., Sun, L., Nies, M. A., Walford, S.
This longitudinal pilot study investigated the effectiveness of a Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS) Brief Motivational Intervention (BMI) in decreasing the quantity and frequency of high-risk drinking and associated negative consequences for freshmen. The treatment effects of the intervention (n = 110) were obtained using a quasi-experimental design. Alcohol consumption and risk behaviors were assessed for the intervention and the control group. Freshmen students who received the intervention reported a greater decrease in alcohol consumption and negative consequences than freshmen students assigned to the control group. This study supported the effectiveness of the BASICS BMI intervention for freshmen students with high-risk drinking behaviors. This pilot study has implications for the sustainability of the intervention for freshmen students and supports further research for the remaining 2-year intervention program. Copyright (copyright) Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 29(3) : 219-229
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy, Personalised feedback, normative feedback
Gaume, Jacques, Gmel, Gerhard, Faouzi, Mohamed, Bertholet, Nicolas, Daeppen, Jean-Bernard
Background: Heavy drinking is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in young men. Brief motivational intervention (BMI) has shown promising results for young people, but has never been tested in young men in the community who volunteered to receive an intervention.; Methods: We evaluated the effectiveness of BMI in reducing alcohol use among heavy episodic users and in maintaining low-risk drinking among nonheavy episodic users. Participants were French-speaking young men attending the mandatory Swiss army conscription process. They were offered the opportunity to receive a 20-minute BMI, and those interested were randomized into an intervention group (BMI immediately) or into a control group (BMI after the 6-month follow-up assessment, in a waiting list design). Analyses were conducted separately for heavy and nonheavy episodic users (separated using baseline heavy episodic use frequency) as the hypotheses tested were different between both groups (primary vs. secondary prevention intervention).; Results: From a pool of 6,085 young men invited to receive BMI, 727 (11.9%) showed up and 572 were included in the study (after exclusions related to organizational aspects of the conscription process). Among nonheavy episodic users, there was a protective effect of BMI on weekly alcohol use (p < 0.05). Among heavy episodic users, there were no significant effects of BMI.; Conclusions: About 12% of young men were interested in addressing their drinking within the BMI framework, suggesting that there is some need for easily accessible alcohol intervention. The present intervention did have a preventive effect among low-risk young drinkers in helping them maintain their patterns of alcohol use. An explanation for the lack of effectiveness among heavy episodic users might be that those individuals interested in BMI had patterns of more severe alcohol use, thereby making change more difficult.; Copyright © 2011 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.
Alcoholism, Clinical & Experimental Research, 35(10) : 1822-1830
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy
Foxcroft, David R., Tsertsvadze, Alexander
Background: Alcohol misuse in young people is cause of concern for health services, policy makers, prevention workers, criminal justice system, youth workers, teachers, parents. This is one of three reviews examining the effectiveness of (1) school-based, (2) family-based, and (3) multi-component prevention programs.; Objectives: To review evidence on the effectiveness of universal school-based prevention programs in preventing alcohol misuse in school-aged children up to 18 years of age.; Search Strategy: Relevant evidence (up to 2002) was selected from the previous Cochrane review. Later studies, to July 2010, were identified from MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, Project CORK, and PsycINFO.; Selection Criteria: Randomized trials evaluating universal school-based prevention programs and reporting outcomes for alcohol use in students 18 years of age or younger were included. Two reviewers screened titles/abstracts and full text of identified records.; Data Collection and Analysis: Two reviewers extracted relevant data independently using an a priori defined extraction form. Risk of bias was assessed.; Main Results: 53 trials were included, most of which were cluster-randomised. The reporting quality of trials was poor, only 3.8% of them reporting adequate method of randomisation and program allocation concealment. Incomplete data was adequately addressed in 23% of the trials. Due to extensive heterogeneity across interventions, populations, and outcomes, the results were summarized only qualitatively.Six of the 11 trials evaluating alcohol-specific interventions showed some evidence of effectiveness compared to a standard curriculum. In 14 of the 39 trials evaluating generic interventions, the program interventions demonstrated significantly greater reductions in alcohol use either through a main or subgroup effect. Gender, baseline alcohol use, and ethnicity modified the effects of interventions. Results from the remaining 3 trials with interventions targeting cannabis, alcohol, and/or tobacco were inconsistent.; Authors' Conclusions: This review identified studies that showed no effects of preventive interventions, as well as studies that demonstrated statistically significant effects. There was no easily discernible pattern in characteristics that would distinguish trials with positive results from those with no effects. Most commonly observed positive effects across programs were for drunkenness and binge drinking. Current evidence suggests that certain generic psychosocial and developmental prevention programs can be effective and could be considered as policy and practice options. These include the Life Skills Training Program, the Unplugged program, and the Good Behaviour Game. A stronger focus of future research on intervention program content and delivery context is warranted. ;
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (5) : CD009113
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Foxcroft, D. R., Tsertsvadze, A.
Alcohol misuse in young people is a cause of concern for health services, policy makers, prevention workers, and criminal justice system, youth workers, teachers, and parents. To systematically review evidence on the effectiveness of universal family-based prevention programs in preventing alcohol misuse in school-aged children up to 18 years of age. To update a part of a previously published Cochrane systematic review. Relevant evidence (up to 2002) was selected from the previous Cochrane review. Later studies, to July 2010, were identified from MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, Project CORK, and PsycINFO. Randomized trials evaluating universal family-based prevention programs and reporting outcomes for alcohol use in students 18 years of age or younger were included. Two reviewers screened titles/abstracts and full text of identified records. Two reviewers extracted relevant data independently using an a priori defined extraction form. Risk of bias was assessed. 12 parallel-group trials were included. The reporting quality of trials was poor, only 20% of them reporting adequate method of randomisation and program allocation concealment. Incomplete data was adequately addressed in about half of the trials and this information was unclear for about 30% of the trials. Due to extensive heterogeneity across interventions, populations, and outcomes, the results were summarized only qualitatively.9 of the 12 trials showed some evidence of effectiveness compared to a control or other intervention group, with persistence of effects over the medium and longer-term. Four of these effective interventions were gender-specific, focusing on young females. One study with a small sample size showed positive effects that were not statistically significant, and two studies with larger sample sizes reported no significant effects of the family-based intervention for reducing alcohol misuse. In conclusion, in this Cochrane systematic review we found that that the effects of family-based prevention interventions are small but generally consistent and also persistent into the medium- to longer-term.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 9 : CD009308
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Family therapy