Disorders - Alcohol Use
Neighbors, C., Rodriguez, L. M., Garey, L., Tomkins, M. M.
Objectives: The current research evaluated delivery modality and incentive as factors affecting recruitment into a personalized normative feedback (PNF) alcohol intervention for heavy drinking college students. We also evaluated whether these factors were differentially associated with participation based on relevance of the intervention (via participants' drinking levels). Method: College students aged 18-26 who endorsed at least one heavy drinking episode and one alcohol-related consequence in the past month (N = 2059; 59.1% female) were invited to participate in a PNF intervention study. In this 2 x 2 design, participants were randomized to: (1) complete the computer-based baseline survey and intervention procedure remotely (i.e., at a time and location of their convenience) or in-person in the laboratory, and (2) receive an incentive ($30) for their participation in the baseline/intervention procedure or no incentive. Results: Consistent with hypotheses, students were more likely to participate when participation occurred remotely (OR = 1.87, p <.001) and when an incentive (OR = 1.64, p =.007) was provided. Moderation analyses suggested that incentives were only associated with higher recruitment rates among remote participants (OR = 2.10, p <.001), consistent with cognitive evaluation theory. Moreover, heavier drinkers were more likely to participate if doing so remotely, whereas drinking was not associated with likelihood of participation among in-person participants. Discussion: The present results showed a strong selection bias for participation in a web-based intervention study relative to one in which participants were required to participate in-person. Results have implications for researchers recruiting college students for alcohol interventions. Copyright © 2018
Addictive Behaviors, 84 : 131-138
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Personalised feedback, normative feedback
Neighbors, C., Rodriguez, L. M., Tomkins, M., Garey, L.
Brief personalized feedback interventions for non-treatment seeking young adults, especially college students, have become increasingly delivered electronically. A large proportion of peer-reviewed evaluations of these interventions suffer fromat least two potentially confounding motivational factors which may result in biases related to recruitment, retention, and intervention efficacy. Two specific questions which have remained largely unaddressed include (1) whether the effectiveness of electronically delivered interventions depends on the location in which they are completed, and (2) what is the optimal incentive structure to balance recruitment withmotivational biases in intervention trials. Some evidence indicates that remotely-delivered web-based personalized feedback interventions are less effective than the same interventions completed in a lab setting or specific location associated with the study. However, the evidence is not conclusive because no study provides a direct comparison between delivery methods based on randomassignment within the same study. The present research randomly assigned 498 heavy drinking college students to a 2 x 2 x 2 repeated measures design. Conditions included in-lab PNF, remote PNF, in-lab attention control, or remote attention control. Participants were also randomly assigned to receive no incentive ($0) or an incentive ($30) for participation. Follow-up assessments occurred at 3-months and 6-months post-baseline/ intervention. Results provided overall support for PNF across conditions. Incentives were associated with higher retention but also more drinking. Participants were initially more likely to participate in remote conditions, especially when provided an incentive, but were more than twice as likely to drop out after baseline. Participants were less likely to complete interventions in person but this was not affected by incentives. Results provide theoretical and practical improvements to feedback- based intervention strategies.
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 42 (Supplement 1) : 325A
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Personalised feedback, normative feedback
, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Norman, P., Cameron, D., Epton, T., Webb, T. L., Harris, P. R., Millings, A., Sheeran, P.
OBJECTIVES: Excessive alcohol consumption increases when students enter university. This study tests whether combining (1) messages that target key beliefs from the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) that underlie binge drinking, (2) a self-affirmation manipulation to reduce defensive processing, and (3) implementation intentions (if-then plans to avoid binge drinking) reduces alcohol consumption in the first 6 months at university.
DESIGN: A 2 (self-affirmation) x 2 (TPB messages) x 2 (implementation intention) between-participants randomized controlled trial with 6-month follow-up.
METHODS: Before starting university, students (N = 2,951) completed measures of alcohol consumption and were randomly assigned to condition in a full-factorial design. TPB cognitions about binge drinking were assessed immediately post-intervention (n = 2,682). Alcohol consumption was assessed after 1 week (n = 1,885), 1 month (n = 1,389), and 6 months (n = 892) at university. TPB cognitions were assessed again at 1 and 6 months.
RESULTS: Participants who received the TPB messages had significantly less favourable cognitions about binge drinking (except perceived control), consumed fewer units of alcohol, engaged in binge drinking less frequently, and had less harmful patterns of alcohol consumption during their first 6 months at university. The other main effects were non-significant.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the use of TPB-based interventions to reduce students' alcohol consumption, but question the use of self-affirmation and implementation intentions before starting university when the messages may not represent a threat to self-identity and when students may have limited knowledge and experience of the pressures to drink alcohol at university. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Alcohol consumption increases when young people enter university. Significant life transitions represent potential teachable moments to change behaviour. Interventions with a strong theoretical basis have been found to be more effective. What does this study add? A brief online intervention delivered to students before they start university can reduce alcohol consumption. The theory of planned behaviour can be used to inform the design of interventions to change health behaviour.
British journal of health psychology, 23(1) : 108-127
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Rodriguez, L. M., Neighbors, C., Tomkins, M., Garey, L.
Participation in empirically-supported computer-delivered interventions, such as personalized normative feedback (PNF), is typically accompanied by a monetary incentive. Moreover, motivational factorsmay account for considerable variance in engagement in and efficacy of computer-delivered interventions. Guided by self-determination theory, this research evaluates PNF efficacy as a function of internal (i.e., causality orientations) and external (i.e., incentives) motivational determinants. Heavy drinking students (N = 497) were randomly assigned in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design to receive PNF or attention control feedback, either in-lab or remotely, receiving high ($30 incentive) or low (no incentive) external justification. Follow-ups occurred remotely at 3 and 6 months. Results suggested that across delivery modality and incentives, PNF was generally effective in reducing drinking and alcohol-related consequences. Moreover, a three-way interaction emerged among treatment condition, incentive, and baseline levels of controlled orientation. In general, the average slope for drinks per week was negative but not significant. However, the slope was significantly more positive for those who were higher in controlled orientation. Further, this effect was eliminated when these participants were offered an incentive. In other words, drinking among controlled individuals who were not offered an incentive increased over time, but drinking among controlled individuals who were offered an incentive did not. This research helps researchers better understand the conditions under which and for whomcomputer-delivered interventions may be most effective, testing theoretically based hypotheses with practical and significant implications for program implementation.
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 42 (Supplement 1) : 198A
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Personalised feedback, normative feedback
Sivasithamparam, J., Dunn, M. E., Flori, J. N., Hall, T. V., Dunn, S. T., Dvorak, R. D.
Purpose: Alcohol is the most commonly misused substance by adolescents in the United States. Underage alcohol use is associated with amultitude of problems including academic failure, interpersonal violence, risky sexual behavior, motor vehicle accidents and death. Although numerous alcohol use prevention programs have been developed and implemented in high school settings, many lack an empirical basis and have been unable to demonstrate significant reductions in alcohol use. Expectancy challenge interventions have been found to be effective in reducing alcohol use among college students, but the alcohol administration exercise central to most of these programs is not practical and is inappropriate for use with underage students. The Expectancy Challenge Alcohol Literacy Curriculum (ECALC), however, is a 50-min interactive program that has been found to produce significant reductions in alcohol use among college students without alcohol administration. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ECALC in reducing alcohol use among high school students. Method/Data: Students in 9th through 12th grades (n = 364) were randomly assigned to receive the ECALC or a body image presentation. Alcohol expectancies were assessed before and after the presentations, and alcohol use data was collected for a 30-day period before and after delivery of the programs. All data was collected anonymously. Results: Among participants who received the ECALC, analyses indicated significant changes in alcohol expectancies and significant reductions in alcohol use (mean drinks per sitting, peak drinks per sitting, & mean drinking days per week). Changes in expectancies were found using mean-based andmultidimensional scaling (MDS) analyses. Conclusion: The ECALC represents an important advance in the development of an empiricallybased program to reduce underage alcohol use. The program is easily implemented in a high school setting, requiring only 50 min of class time, a classroom, and a motivated educator. The ECALC produced significant changes in expectancies and reductions in quantity and frequency of alcohol use. In addition, this study was the first to apply both mean-based and MDS methods to analysis of the Comprehensive Effects of Alcohol scale (CEOA), linking the memorymodel expectancy literature with the large body of work using typical mean-based analyses to assess expectancies using the CEOA.
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 42 (Supplement 1) : 195A
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation
Suffoletto, B. P., Chung, T., Clark, D.
We sought to understand which components of a text message (TM)-based intervention are necessary to reduce alcohol consumption in young adults. We enrolled 149 non-treatment seeking young adults who screened positive for hazardous drinking in an urban emergency department. Following a 2-week TM assessment-only run-in, 125 subjects were randomized to 5 different 12-week TM Intervention Arms: Assessment Control (AC); Drinking Cognition Feedback (DCF); Drinking Performance Feedback (DPF); Adaptive Goal Support (AGS); and COMBO. All subjects received TMqueries 3 days per week (based on typical drinking days) on drinking plans and desire to get drunk and following days on number of drinks consumed. AC received no feedback based on TMreports. DCF received TM feedback on drinking plans and desire to get drunk. DPF received TM feedback on number of drinks consumed. AGS received additional TMprompts and feedback related to drinking limit goal commitment. COMBO received a combination of AC + DCF + DPF + AGS. Response rates to TMwere, on average, 66%for pre-drinking and 60%for post-drinking queries over 14 weeks, with significant declines in response rates over time. COMBO had lowest response rates (60%pre & 54%post) whereas DPF had highest response rates (75% pre & 69%post). Qualitative feedback indicated acceptability of TM interventions, with no significant differences between Arms. Using TMdata, controlling for covariates, odds of reporting a binge drinking episode and drinks consumed on drinking days was lower in all Arms compared with AC. COMBO was the only Armassociated with lower ratings of desire to get drunk. Preliminary evidence suggests that non-treatment seeking young adult hazardous drinkers find different features of TMinterventions similarly acceptable, with higher response burden producing lower engagement. A larger study is needed to validate findings and explore heterogeneity of response.
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 42 (Supplement 1) : 325A
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Personalised feedback, normative feedback
, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Kaner, E. F., Beyer, F. R., Muirhead, C., Campbell, F., Pienaar, E. D., Bertholet, N., Daeppen, J. B., Saunders, J. B., Burnand, B.
BACKGROUND: Excessive drinking is a significant cause of mortality, morbidity and social problems in many countries. Brief interventions aim to reduce alcohol consumption and related harm in hazardous and harmful drinkers who are not actively seeking help for alcohol problems. Interventions usually take the form of a conversation with a primary care provider and may include feedback on the person's alcohol use, information about potential harms and benefits of reducing intake, and advice on how to reduce consumption. Discussion informs the development of a personal plan to help reduce consumption. Brief interventions can also include behaviour change or motivationally-focused counselling.This is an update of a Cochrane Review published in 2007.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of screening and brief alcohol intervention to reduce excessive alcohol consumption in hazardous or harmful drinkers in general practice or emergency care settings.
SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, and 12 other bibliographic databases to September 2017. We searched Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Science Database (to December 2003, after which the database was discontinued), trials registries, and websites. We carried out handsearching and checked reference lists of included studies and relevant reviews.
SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of brief interventions to reduce hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption in people attending general practice, emergency care or other primary care settings for reasons other than alcohol treatment. The comparison group was no or minimal intervention, where a measure of alcohol consumption was reported. 'Brief intervention' was defined as a conversation comprising five or fewer sessions of brief advice or brief lifestyle counselling and a total duration of less than 60 minutes. Any more was considered an extended intervention. Digital interventions were not included in this review.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. We carried out subgroup analyses where possible to investigate the impact of factors such as gender, age, setting (general practice versus emergency care), treatment exposure and baseline consumption.
MAIN RESULTS: We included 69 studies that randomised a total of 33,642 participants. Of these, 42 studies were added for this update (24,057 participants). Most interventions were delivered in general practice (38 studies, 55%) or emergency care (27 studies, 39%) settings. Most studies (61 studies, 88%) compared brief intervention to minimal or no intervention. Extended interventions were compared with brief (4 studies, 6%), minimal or no intervention (7 studies, 10%). Few studies targeted particular age groups: adolescents or young adults (6 studies, 9%) and older adults (4 studies, 6%). Mean baseline alcohol consumption was 244 g/week (30.5 standard UK units) among the studies that reported these data. Main sources of bias were attrition and lack of provider or participant blinding. The primary meta-analysis included 34 studies (15,197 participants) and provided moderate-quality evidence that participants who received brief intervention consumed less alcohol than minimal or no intervention participants after one year (mean difference (MD) -20 g/week, 95% confidence interval (CI) -28 to -12). There was substantial heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 73%). A subgroup analysis by gender demonstrated that both men and women reduced alcohol consumption after receiving a brief intervention.We found moderate-quality evidence that brief alcohol interventions have little impact on frequency of binges per week (MD -0.08, 95% CI -0.14 to -0.02; 15 studies, 6946 participants); drinking days per week (MD -0.13, 95% CI -0.23 to -0.04; 11 studies, 5469 participants); or drinking intensity (-0.2 g/drinking day, 95% CI -3.1 to 2.7; 10 studies, 3128 participants).We found moderate-quality evidence of little difference in quantity of alcohol consumed when extended and no or minimal interventions were compared (-14 g/week, 95% CI -37 to 9; 6 studies, 1296 participants). There was little difference in binges per week (-0.08, 95% CI -0.28 to 0.12; 2 studies, 456 participants; moderate-quality evidence) or difference in days drinking per week (-0.45, 95% CI -0.81 to -0.09; 2 studies, 319 participants; moderate-quality evidence). Extended versus no or minimal intervention provided little impact on drinking intensity (9 g/drinking day, 95% CI -26 to 9; 1 study, 158 participants; low-quality evidence).Extended intervention had no greater impact than brief intervention on alcohol consumption, although findings were imprecise (MD 2 g/week, 95% CI -42 to 45; 3 studies, 552 participants; low-quality evidence). Numbers of binges were not reported for this comparison, but one trial suggested a possible drop in days drinking per week (-0.5, 95% CI -1.2 to 0.2; 147 participants; low-quality evidence). Results from this trial also suggested very little impact on drinking intensity (-1.7 g/drinking day, 95% CI -18.9 to 15.5; 147 participants; very low-quality evidence).Only five studies reported adverse effects (very low-quality evidence). No participants experienced any adverse effects in two studies; one study reported that the intervention increased binge drinking for women and two studies reported adverse events related to driving outcomes but concluded they were equivalent in both study arms.Sources of funding were reported by 67 studies (87%). With two exceptions, studies were funded by government institutes, research bodies or charitable foundations. One study was partly funded by a pharmaceutical company and a brewers association, another by a company developing diagnostic testing equipment.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We found moderate-quality evidence that brief interventions can reduce alcohol consumption in hazardous and harmful drinkers compared to minimal or no intervention. Longer counselling duration probably has little additional effect. Future studies should focus on identifying the components of interventions which are most closely associated with effectiveness.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2 : CD004148
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy, Other Psychological Interventions, Personalised feedback, normative feedback
Mewton, L., Visontay, R., Chapman, C., Newton, N., Slade, T., Kay-Lambkin, F., Teesson, M.
ISSUES: This overview of reviews will synthesise information from existing reviews to provide a summary of the evidence for universal alcohol and illicit drug prevention strategies across different intervention settings.
APPROACH: Academic databases, including Medline, EMBASE and PsycInfo were searched on 1 August 2016. All reviews and meta-analyses of universal alcohol and drug prevention conducted since 2006 were included. The reviews included in this overview were grouped according to the different settings where prevention strategies have been applied (i.e. family, school, college, workplace, leisure, healthcare, community, media and policy).
KEY FINDINGS: Fifty-two reviews met the inclusion criteria and were included in this report. There is sufficient evidence to support universal preventive interventions for alcohol in family and school settings. In terms of reducing drug use, there is sufficient evidence to support the use of school- and leisure-based universal primary prevention strategies. Based on evidence published in the last 10 years, mass media campaigns to do not appear to be effective in reducing drug use. More evidence is needed to support preventive interventions in college, workplace, healthcare and community settings.
IMPLICATIONS: Through the identification of settings where preventive interventions are effective, this overview can be used to guide alcohol and drug policy and the allocation of resources.
CONCLUSION: The evidence base for universal prevention in several settings could be strengthened, guiding priorities for future research.
Drug & Alcohol Review, 37 Suppl 1 : S435-S469
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any), Alcohol Use
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative Interventions (CAM)
, Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions, Physical activity, exercise, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Newton, A. S., Mushquash, C., Krank, M., Wild, T. C., Dyson, M. P., Hartling, L., Stewart, S. H.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically describe when and how brief alcohol interventions delivered to adolescents in primary care settings reduce alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences among adolescents, using realist review methodology.
STUDY DESIGN: Eleven electronic databases, gray literature, and reference screening were searched up to June 2016; 11 brief interventions published in 13 studies met inclusion criteria. Intervention design components (delivery context and intervention mechanisms) underlying brief alcohol interventions for adolescents were extracted and linked to alcohol use and related consequences.
RESULTS: Brief interventions had either an indicated context of delivery (provided to adolescent patients with low-to-moderate risk for alcohol problems) or universal context of delivery (provided to general adolescent patient population). Interventions that used motivational interviewing in an indicated delivery context had 2 potential mechanisms-eliciting and strengthening motivation to change and providing direction through interpretation. These interventions resulted in clinically significant reductions in alcohol use and associated consequences. Peer risk also was identified among universal and indicated brief interventions as a potential mechanism for changing alcohol-related outcomes among adolescents who received the intervention. None of the studies tested the processes by which interventions were expected to work.
CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence base suggests that both indicated and universal delivery of brief alcohol interventions to adolescents in primary care settings can result in clinically important changes in alcohol-related outcomes. Studies that test brief intervention processes are now necessary to better understand how brief interventions work with adolescents in primary care settings.
Journal of Pediatrics, 197 : 221-232.e2
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy, Psychoeducation, Personalised feedback, normative feedback
Naglich, A., Adinoff, B., Brown, E. S.
Bipolar disorder (BD) spectrum and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) commonly occur together. Comorbidity between the two conditions predisposes patients to elevated risks of adverse outcomes, including hospitalization and suicide, compared with either condition alone. Despite the consistent relationship observed between BD and AUD, the underlying cause remains incompletely characterized. Few trials conducted have been able to identify promising interventions for patients with these disease states. The antipsychotic quetiapine has been evaluated most commonly as a therapeutic agent for patients with BD and AUD followed by naltrexone and acamprosate. Randomized controlled trials of quetiapine have consistently reported a lack of efficacy for the treatment of patients with BD and AUD. Trials of acamprosate have also been negative but small in size. Results of the sole randomized controlled trial of naltrexone have found large treatment effect sizes, but no statistically significant difference between treatment groups. Other agents including the antipsychotic aripiprazole, mood stabilizing agents including lamotrigine, lithium, and divalproex, and the antiepileptic agent topiramate have also been evaluated for the treatment of BD and AUD with mixed findings. The lone statistically significant treatment effect was observed in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of divalproex added on to lithium which demonstrated a reduction in alcohol use. This review summarizes the available clinical evidence and current guideline recommendations for the treatment of comorbid BD and AUD, and provides discussion and recommendations based on the current literature.
CNS Drugs, 31(8) : 665-674
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Bipolar Disorders, Alcohol Use
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions (any)
, Lithium
Kazemi, D. M., Borsari, B., Levine, M. J., Li, S., Lamberson, K. A., Matta, L. A.
Substance abuse in young adults is a public health issue with costs to the individual and society. There is mounting evidence that the increased uses of mHealth approaches have promise as a way to facilitate reductions in substance use. This systematic review evaluated the recent body of research on mHealth-based interventions for substance use, with aims of (a) examining the functionality and effectiveness of these interventions, (b) evaluating the available research on the effectiveness of these interventions for substance use, and (c) evaluating the design, methodology, results, theoretical grounding, limitations, and implications of each study. We identified eligible studies by searching electronic databases using Boolean methods. The reviewed studies (N = 12) indicated that that a wide range of Internet-based, text messaging, and smartphone application interventions have been developed to address substance use. Interventions had an assortment of features; participants in each study highlighted the ease and convenience of the interventions; and the majority of studies provided support for the efficacy of mHealth in reducing substance use. Mobile technology is a promising tool for reducing substance use and warrants further development. Future practice including the use of mHealth interventions can be an integral part of reducing substance use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Journal of Health Communication, 22(5) : 413-432
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any), Alcohol Use
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Kakoschke, N., Kemps, E., Tiggemann, M.
Recent theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence have suggested that biased cognitive processing is an important contributor to unhealthy behaviour. Approach bias modification is a novel intervention in which approach biases for appetitive cues are modified. The current review of the literature aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of modifying approach bias for harmful consumption behaviours, including alcohol use, cigarette smoking, and unhealthy eating. Relevant publications were identified through a search of four electronic databases (PsycINFO, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Scopus) that were conducted between October and December 2015. Eligibility criteria included the use of a human adult sample, at least one session of avoidance training, and an outcome measure related to the behaviour of interest. The fifteen identified publications (comprising 18 individual studies) were coded on a number of characteristics, including consumption behaviour, participants, task, training and control conditions, number of training sessions and trials, outcome measure, and results. The results generally showed positive effects of approach-avoidance training, including reduced consumption behaviour in the laboratory, lower relapse rates, and improvements in self-reported measures of behaviour. Importantly, all studies (with one exception) that reported favourable consumption outcomes also demonstrated successful reduction of the approach bias for appetitive cues. Thus, the current review concluded that approach bias modification is effective for reducing both approach bias and unhealthy consumption behaviour.
Addictive Behaviors, 64 : 21-28
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Alcohol Use
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Attention/cognitive bias modification