Disorders - Depressive Disorders
Bernstein, G. A., Hektner, J. M., Borchardt, C. M., McMillan, M. H.
OBJECTIVE: To conduct a 1-year follow-up of anxious-depressed school-refusing adolescents who participated in an 8-week study of imipramine versus placebo, each in combination with cognitive-behavioral therapy. METHOD: Sixty-five percent (41 of 63) of the randomly assigned subjects returned for follow-up evaluation, which consisted of diagnostic interviews, clinician rating scales for anxiety and depression, family functioning measure, and a questionnaire regarding interim treatments and school programs. RESULTS: From the adolescent and/or parent perspective, 64.1% met criteria for an anxiety disorder and 33.3% met criteria for a depressive disorder. Remission rates and acquisition rates for specific anxiety and depressive disorders were determined. In the follow-up period, 67.5% received at least one psychotropic medication trial and 77.5% had outpatient therapy. Higher level of somatic complaints on the Anxiety Rating for Children-Revised Physiological subscale at baseline predicted more severe depression on the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised at follow-up (p = .029). CONCLUSIONS: In this naturalistic follow-up study, there was high utilization of mental health interventions. In addition, a substantial number of subjects met criteria for anxiety and/or depressive disorders 1 year after treatment. Investigation of duration of acute treatments and evaluation of maintenance treatments for school refusal is needed.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(2) : 206-13
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions (any)
, Tricyclic antidepressants, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Shochet, I. M., Dadds, M. R., Holland, D., Whitefield, K., Harnett, P. H., Osgarby, S. M.
Evaluated whether a universal school-based program, designed to prevent depression in adolescents, could be effectively implemented within the constraints of the school environment. Participants were 260 Year 9 secondary school students. Students completed measures of depressive symptoms and hopelessness and were then assigned to 1 of 3 groups: (a) Resourceful Adolescent Program-Adolescents (RAP-A), an 11-session school-based resilience building program, as part of the school curriculum; (b) Resourceful Adolescent Program-Family (RAP-F), the same program as in RAP-A, but in which each student's parents were also invited to participate in a 3-session parent program; and (c) Adolescent Watch, a comparison group in which adolescents simply completed the measures. The program was implemented with a high recruitment (88%), low attrition rate (5.8%), and satisfactory adherence to program protocol. Adolescents in either of the RAP programs reported significantly lower levels of depressive symptomatology and hopelessness at post-intervention and 10-month follow-up, compared with those in the comparison group. Adolescents also reported high satisfaction with the program. The study provides evidence for the efficacy of a school-based universal program designed to prevent depression in adolescence.
Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30(3) : 303-15
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Quayle, D., Dziurawiec, S., Roberts, C., Kane, R., Ebsworthy, G.
Depression is a serious mental health problem, affecting more young people than ever before. This research reports on the short-term effectiveness of an Optimism and Lifeskills Program for preventing depression in preadolescents. A randomised, controlled trial was conducted with students about to make their transition to high school, in a private girls school. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess the program's effect on depressive and lonely symptoms, attributional style and self-worth, in a sample of 47 grade 7 girls at posttest and 6-month follow-up. Results showed fewer depressive symptoms and more positive self-worth in the intervention group compared to the control group at 6-month follow-up. This research indicates that depression prevention programs can be effective in the short-term and can provide valuable skills to young making their transition to high school. Implementation issues and suggestions for further research on primary prevention for mental health in schools are discussed.
Behaviour Change., 18(4) : 194-203
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Peden, A. R., Rayens, M. K., Hall, L. A., Beebe, L. H.
The authors tested the long-term effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral group intervention in reducing depressive symptoms, decreasing negative thinking, and enhancing self-esteem in 92 college women aged 18 to 24 years who ere at risk for clinical depression. The women were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a no-treatment control group. The experimental group participated in a 6-week cognitive-behavioral intervention that targeted identification and reduction of negative thinking, using such techniques as thought stopping and affirmations. Data on depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and negative thinking were collected before the intervention and at intervals of 1, 6, and 18 months postintervention. The women in the intervention group experienced a greater decrease in depressive symptoms and negative thinking and a greater increase in self-esteem than those in the control group. The beneficial effects continued over an 18-month follow-up period. These findings support the importance of thought stopping and affirmations as prevention interventions with at-risk college women.
Journal of American College Health, 49(6) : 299-306
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Pattison, C., Lynd-Stevenson, R.
The ability of a school-based program with training in both cognitive and social skills to prevent depressive symptoms in children (the Penn Prevention Program) was evaluated. Research conducted in Australia has failed to replicate the success of the program in the United States. Also evaluated was the ability of the program to reduce the symptoms of anxiety, the assumption that changes in social skills and cognitive style would be associated with changes in symptoms of depression and anxiety, and the relative merits of the cognitive and social components of the program. Sixty-three children in fifth and sixth grades were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. There was no evidence that the Penn Prevention Program had any impact on the variables measured at the end of the program or at the 8-month follow-up assessment. Limitations and implications of the present findings are discussed.
Behaviour Change, 18(2) : 92-102
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Oria, J., Cureton, V. Y., Canham, D.
Depression in adolescence is a common and potentially life-threatening health problem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of prevention strategies on decreasing the rate of depression in adolescents. A class addressing specific skills identified as having an impact on adolescent depression was taught to youth participating in the program. The nonequivalent control group design was used. The sample consisted of 7th- and 8th-grade students in either the Youth Leadership class or a computer class of a California middle school. The Childhood Depression Inventory was the instrument used. Nine control group subjects and 11 experimental group subjects completed both the pretest and the posttest. The analysis of the data revealed no statistically significant differences between the control and experimental groups. This study should be repeated with larger sample sizes and with greater attention to the timing of pretests and posttests.
Journal of School Nursing, 17(4) : 204-9
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Skills training
Peden, A. R., Hall, L. A., Rayens, M. K., Beebe, L. L.
PURPOSE: Although cognitive-behavioral interventions have been successful in treating depression, no studies were found that focused solely on reducing negative thinking via group intervention as a means of preventing depression in at-risk groups. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to test the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral group intervention in reducing depressive symptoms, decreasing negative thinking, and enhancing self-esteem in young women at risk for depression. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial with 92 college women ages 18 to 24 who were at risk for depression was conducted. METHOD: Participants were randomly assigned to either the control or experimental group. The experimental group participated in a 6-week cognitive-behavioral group intervention. Data on self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and negative thinking were collected via self-report questionnaires from control and experimental groups at baseline, 1 month after the intervention, and at 6-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using mixed-model methodology and the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test. FINDINGS: Compared to those in the control group, women who received the intervention had a greater decrease in depressive symptoms and negative thinking and a greater increase in self-esteem, and these beneficial effects were maintained over 6-months. CONCLUSIONS: The findings document the effectiveness of this cognitive-behavioral group intervention and indicate empirical support for the beneficial effects of reducing negative thinking by the use of affirmations and thought-stopping techniques on women's mental health.
Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 32(2) : 145-51
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Thompson, E., Eggert, L., Herting, J.
This study explored the intervention processes of an indicated prevention program for high-risk youth. It was hypothesized that intervention effects would be influenced by the direct and mediating effects of teacher social support on both peer group support and perceived personal control. In turn, personal control was hypothesized to mediate between teacher and peer group support, contributing to reductions in depression and suicide risk behaviors. The hypotheses were tested using a three-wave, longitudinal design incorporating data from preintervention, 5-month follow-up, and 10-month follow-up assessments of 106 high-risk youth divided into three comparison groups: two experimental, one control. For the two intervention groups, there were direct and/or indirect effects of teacher and peer group support on personal control, depression, and suicide risk behaviors. The general hypothesis that personal control mediates between support resources and reductions in depression and suicide risk behaviors received partial support across the study groups.
Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 30(3) : 252-271
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Wolchik, S. A., West, S. G., Sandler, I. N., Tein, J. Y., Coatsworth, D., Lengua, L., Weiss, L., Anderson, E. R., Greene, S. M., Griffin, W. A.
This study evaluated the efficacy of 2 theory-based preventive interventions for divorced families: a program for mothers and a dual component mother-child program. The mother program targeted mother-child relationship quality, discipline, interparental conflict, and the father-child relationship. The child program targeted active coping, avoidant coping, appraisals of divorce stressors, and mother-child relationship quality. Families with a 9- to 12-year-old child (N = 240) were randomly assigned to the mother, dual-component, or self-study program. Postintervention comparisons showed significant positive program effects of the mother program versus self-study condition on relationship quality, discipline, attitude toward father-child contact, and adjustment problems. For several outcomes, more positive effects occurred in families with poorer initial functioning. Program effects on externalizing problems were maintained at 6-month follow-up. A few additive effects of the dual-component program occurred for the putative mediators; none occurred for adjustment problems.
Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 68(5) : 843-56
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions, Self-help
Birmaher, B., Brent, D. A., Kolko, D., Baugher, M., Bridge, J., Holder, D., Iyengar, S., Ulloa, R. E.
BACKGROUND: Cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown to be more efficacious than alternative psychosocial interventions for the acute treatment of adolescents with major depressive disorder. However, the long-term impact of brief psychosocial interventions on the course of adolescent depression is not well established. METHODS: One hundred seven adolescents with major depressive disorder randomly assigned to 12 to 16 weeks of cognitive behavioral therapy, systemic behavioral family therapy, or nondirective supportive therapy were evaluated for 2 years after the psychotherapy trial to document the subsequent course and predictors of major depressive disorder. RESULTS: There were no long-term differential effects of the 3 psychotherapies. Most participants (80%) recovered (median time, 8.2 months from baseline), and 30% had a recurrence (median time, 4.2 months from recovery). Twenty-one percent were depressed during at least 80% of the follow-up period. Severity of depression (at baseline) and presence of self-reported parent-child conflict (at baseline and during the follow-up period) predicted lack of recovery, chronicity, and recurrence. Despite the similarity to clinically referred patients at baseline, patients recruited via advertisement were less likely to experience a recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in long-term outcome among cognitive behavioral therapy, systematic behavioral family therapy, and nondirective supportive therapy. While most participants in this study eventually recovered, those with severe depression and self-perceived parent-child conflict are at greater risk for chronic depression and recurrences.
Archives of General Psychiatry, 57(1) : 29-36
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
, Family therapy, Supportive therapy
Bernstein, Gail A., Borchardt, Carrie M., Perwien, Amy R., Crosby, Ross D., Kushner, Matt G., Thuras, Paul D., Last, Cynthia G.
Investigated the efficacy of 8 wks of imipramine versus placebo in combination with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of school-refusing adolescents with comorbid anxiety and major depressive disorders. This was a randomized, double-blind trial with 47 adolescents (mean age 13.9 yrs). Over the course of treatment, school attendance improved significantly for the imipramine group but not for the placebo group. Over the 8 wks of treatment, there was a significant difference between groups on attendance after controlling for baseline attendance. Anxiety and depression rating scales decreased significantly across treatment for both groups, with depression on the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised decreasing at a significantly faster rate in the imipramine group compared with the placebo group. Imipramine plus CBT is significantly more efficacious than placebo plus CBT in improving school attendance and decreasing symptoms of depression in school-refusing adolescents with comorbid anxiety and depression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 39(3) : 276-283
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions (any)
, Tricyclic antidepressants, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Butler, Stephen F., Budman, Simon H., Beardslee, William
Developed the self-administered videotape-based psychoeducation Family Depression Program (FDP), intended to reduce risk in children of depressed parents and promote resiliency. The FDP consists of a videotape for the adult and for the child and a parent manual. Participants were 74 families from outpatient mental health clinics with at least 1 depressed parent (aged 26-53 yrs) and at least 1 7-12 yr old child. There were 94 child participants. Families were randomly assigned to receive the FDP after baseline assessment or to a wait-list control group that received the FDP 6 wks later. Families were followed for 12 wks. Main outcome measures assessed safety, parental concerns and worry, parental support and understanding, and family communication about depression. Results suggest the FDP is safe. Proximal risk-reduction was observed, and it is concluded that the FDP represents a promising new approach for disseminating public health information in an era of limited medical resources and wide availability of video technology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
National Academies of Practice Forum: Issues in Interdisciplinary Care, 2(4) : 267-276
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)