Disorders - Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Jones, M. G., Rice, S. M., Cotton, S. M.
Introduction As interest in Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAI) grows, there is increasing need to differentiate informal activities from formal and professionally directed therapies, including mental health focussed Canine-Assisted Psychotherapy (CAP). There have been no reviews focusing exclusively on CAP and the distinct developmental period of adolescence. The aims of this study were to identify the characteristics of CAP interventions, their impacts and their acceptability, tolerability and feasibility for adolescents with mental health disorders. Method A systematic review identified studies incorporating canines into mental health treatments for adolescents aged 10-19 years. Studies reporting qualitative or quantitative psychological or psychosocial outcomes were included. Results Seven studies were scrutinised. Intervention characteristics varied, including a range of formats, settings, locations, doses, and facilitators. Information on the role of the canines in sessions was sparse. CAP had a positive impact on primary diagnoses and symptomatology, conferring additional benefits to standard treatments for internalising disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and equivalent effects for anxiety, anger and externalising disorders. CAP was associated with positive impacts on secondary factors including increased engagement and socialisation behaviours, and reductions in disruptive behaviours within treatment sessions. Global functioning also improved. There was insufficient evidence that CAP improved factors associated with self-esteem, subjective wellbeing, or coping. Good attendance and retention rates indicated high levels of acceptability. Moderate to high tolerability was also indicated. Feasibility may be limited by additional training and logistical requirements. Recommendations We recommend the development of theoretically informed, standardised (manualised) intervention protocols that may subsequently form the basis of efficacy and effectiveness testing. Such protocols should clearly describe canine-participant-facilitator interactions via a for-malised nomenclature; spontaneous (animal-led), adjunctive (facilitator-led), and experiential (participant-led). Conclusions There is emerging evidence to suggest that CAP improves the efficacy of mental health treatments in self-selected adolescent populations via reductions in primary symptomatology, and via secondary factors that improve therapeutic processes and quality, such as engagement and retention. Copyright © 2019 Jones et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PLoS ONE, 14 (1) (no pagination)(e0210761) :
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative Interventions (CAM)
, Other complementary & alternative interventions
Strohm, M., Siegesleitner, M., Kunze, A. E., Ehring, T., Wittekind, C. E.
Imagery rescripting (ImRs) has been shown to be a promising intervention for aversive emotional memories, but research on underlying mechanisms is only in its beginnings. Previous analogue studies on ImRs were mainly based on the trauma film paradigm, but the personal relevance of film-induced memories is limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of ImRs on personally relevant autobiographical memories. Sixty-five participants who had experienced a distressing life-event were randomly assigned to ImRs or no-intervention control (NIC). ImRs led to less intrusive memories than NIC during the 1-week follow-up period, but was not superior in reducing overall event-related stress symptoms. When retrieving the memory after 1 week, ImRs participants reported greater reductions in sadness and distress, and higher feelings of mastery. Findings underline the potential of the paradigm used in this study to test memory processes involved in ImRs. Limitations and modifications of the paradigm are discussed. Copyright © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Cognitive Therapy and Research., 43 : 1005 - 1017
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Norton, C. L., Tucker, A., Farnham-Stratton, M., Borroel, F., Pelletier, A.
Child abuse is epidemic in the United States and has dire long-term consequences. Innovative interventions are needed to address the negative cognitive, affective and behavioral effects of child abuse. This mixed-method study examined if adventure therapy is 1) an effective mental health intervention for child and adolescent survivors of abuse and neglect, and 2) an effective intervention for families affected by abuse and neglect. The effectiveness of the adventure therapy intervention was measured by a reduction in child trauma symptoms and improved family functioning, as reported via the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC), the Family Assessment Device (FAD), as well as qualitative data gathered via family focus groups. Findings showed that trauma-informed adventure therapy with youth and families affected by abuse reduces trauma symptomology in youth and improves family functioning, particularly in the areas of communication, closeness and problem-solving skills. Copyright © 2017, Springer International Publishing.
Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma, 12(1) : 85-95
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
, Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative Interventions (CAM)
, Other Psychological Interventions, Physical activity, exercise, Other complementary & alternative interventions
Vinke, Y. D., Truijens, F., van-Polanen Petel, E., van-Emmerik, A. A. P.
OBJECTIVE: This online study examined the effects of a single imaginal exposure-writing assignment on posttraumatic stress (PTS) and comorbid depressive symptoms. METHOD(S): Forty-six participants with PTS were allocated to either a single imaginal exposure-writing assignment, a nontrauma writing assignment, or to a nonwriting control condition, and were reassessed 2 and 5 weeks after baseline. Of the 49 participants, 36 were female, with an average age of 23. Participation was conducted through Qualtrics. Effects were assessed with the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). RESULT(S): PTS and depressive symptoms decreased over time regardless of the study condition. CONCLUSION(S): We found no support for the efficacy of a single imaginal exposure-writing assignment in reducing PTS or comorbid depressive symptoms. Suggestions are given for future studies that attempt to identify a minimal dose of imaginal exposure writing for PTS. Copyright © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Journal of clinical psychology., :
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions, Self-help
Turrini, G., Purgato, M., Acarturk, C., Anttila, M., Au, T., Ballette, F., Bird, M., Carswell, K., Churchill, R., Cuijpers, P., Hall, J., Hansen, L. J., Kosters, M., Lantta, T., Nose, M., Ostuzzi, G., Sijbrandij, M., Tedeschi, F., Valimaki, M., Wancata, J., White, R., Van Ommeren, M., Barbui, C.
AimsIn the past few years, there has been an unprecedented increase in the number of forcibly displaced migrants worldwide, of which a substantial proportion is refugees and asylum seekers. Refugees and asylum seekers may experience high levels of psychological distress, and show high rates of mental health conditions. It is therefore timely and particularly relevant to assess whether current evidence supports the provision of psychosocial interventions for this population. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy and acceptability of psychosocial interventions compared with control conditions (treatment as usual/no treatment, waiting list, psychological placebo) aimed at reducing mental health problems in distressed refugees and asylum seekers.MethodsWe used Cochrane procedures for conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. We searched for published and unpublished RCTs assessing the efficacy and acceptability of psychosocial interventions in adults and children asylum seekers and refugees with psychological distress. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depressive and anxiety symptoms at post-intervention were the primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes include: PTSD, depressive and anxiety symptoms at follow-up, functioning, quality of life and dropouts due to any reason.ResultsWe included 26 studies with 1959 participants. Meta-analysis of RCTs revealed that psychosocial interventions have a clinically significant beneficial effect on PTSD (standardised mean difference [SMD] = ?irc;'0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] ?irc;'1.01 to ?irc;'0.41; I2 = 83%; 95% CI 78-88; 20 studies, 1370 participants; moderate quality evidence), depression (SMD = ?irc;'1.02; 95% CI ?irc;'1.52 to ?irc;'0.51; I2 = 89%; 95% CI 82-93; 12 studies, 844 participants; moderate quality evidence) and anxiety outcomes (SMD = ?irc;'1.05; 95% CI ?irc;'1.55 to ?irc;'0.56; I2 = 87%; 95% CI 79-92; 11 studies, 815 participants; moderate quality evidence). This beneficial effect was maintained at 1 month or longer follow-up, which is extremely important for populations exposed to ongoing post-migration stressors. For the other secondary outcomes, we identified a non-significant trend in favour of psychosocial interventions. Most evidence supported interventions based on cognitive behavioural therapies with a trauma-focused component. Limitations of this review include the limited number of studies collected, with a relatively low total number of participants, and the limited available data for positive outcomes like functioning and quality of life.ConclusionsConsidering the epidemiological relevance of psychological distress and mental health conditions in refugees and asylum seekers, and in view of the existing data on the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions, these interventions should be routinely made available as part of the health care of distressed refugees and asylum seekers. Evidence-based guidelines and implementation packages should be developed accordingly. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences., :
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions, Narrative exposure therapy (NET)
Matthijssen, S.J., vanBeerschoten, L.M., deJongh, A., Klugkist, I.G., vandenHout, M.A.
Background and objectives: Visual Schema Displacement Therapy (VSDT) is a novel therapy which has been described as a treatment for stress and dysfunction caused by a traumatic event. Although its developers claim this therapy is quicker and more beneficial than other forms of trauma therapy, its effectiveness has not been tested. Methods: We compared the efficacy of VSDT to an abbreviated EMDR protocol and a non-active control condition (CC) in two studies. In Study 1 participants (N = 30) were asked to recall three negative emotional memories under three conditions: VSDT, EMDR, and a CC, each lasting 8 min. Emotional disturbance and vividness of the memories were rated before and after the (within group) conditions. The experiment was replicated using a between group study. In Study 2 participants (N = 75) were assigned to one of the three conditions, and a follow-up after 6-8 days was added. Results: In both studies VSDT and EMDR were superior to the CC in reducing emotional disturbance, and VSDT was superior to EMDR. VSDT and EMDR outperformed the CC in terms of reducing vividness. Limitation: Results need to be replicated in clinical samples. Conclusions: It is unclear how VSDT yields positive effects, but irrespective of its causal mechanisms, VSDT warrants clinical exploration. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 63 : 48-56
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Jaberghaderi, N., Rezaei, M., Kolivand, M., Shokoohi, A.
Objective: This study was conducted to examine and compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in child victims of domestic violence (child physical abuse and/or witnessing parents' conflicts). Method(s): A total of 139 girls and boys, aged 8-12 years, were randomly assigned into CBT (n = 40), EMDR (n = 40), or control groups (n=59). All children received up to 12 individual treatment sessions over 4-12 weeks. Blind assessment was done before and 2 weeks after the treatment and on a variety of teacher-parent-rated and self-report measures of posttraumatic symptomatology, depression, anxiety, and behavior problems. Result(s): CBT and EMDR were effective in ameliorating psychological sequelae of victims of domestic violence on the measured variables (p =.001). Comparison of the treatment and control groups suggested moderate to high practical significance in treatment groups vs controls. Conclusion(s): Both CBT and EMDR can help children to greatly recover from the outcomes of domestic violence in comparison with control group. Moreover, structured trauma treatments are strongly recommended and can be used for children. Copyright © 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 14(1) : 67-75
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
, Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR)
Rosner, R., Rimane, E., Frick, U., Gutermann, J., Hagl, M., Renneberg, B., Schreiber, F., Vogel, A., Steil, R.
Importance: Despite the high prevalence, evidence-based treatments for abuse-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adolescents have rarely been studied. Objective(s): To examine whether developmentally adapted cognitive processing therapy (D-CPT) is more effective than a wait-list condition with treatment advice (WL/TA) among adolescents with PTSD related to childhood abuse. Design, Setting, and Participant(s): This rater-blinded, multicenter, randomized clinical trial (stratified by center) enrolled treatment-seeking adolescents and young adults (aged 14-21 years) with childhood abuse-related PTSD at 3 university outpatient clinics in Germany from July 2013 to June 2015, with the last follow-up interview conducted by May 2016. Of 194 patients, 88 were eligible for randomization. Intervention(s): Participants received D-CPT or WL/TA. Cognitive processing therapy was enhanced by a motivational and alliance-building phase, by including emotion regulation and consideration of typical developmental tasks, and by higher session frequency in the trauma-focused core CPT phase. In WL/TA, participants received treatment advice with respective recommendations of clinicians and were offered D-CPT after 7 months. Main Outcomes and Measures: All outcomes were assessed before treatment (baseline), approximately 8 weeks after the start of treatment, after the end of treatment (posttreatment), and at the 3-month follow-up. The primary outcome, PTSD symptom severity, was assessed in clinical interview (Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for Children and Adolescents for DSM-IV [CAPS-CA]). Secondary outcomes were self-reported PTSD severity, depression, borderline symptoms, behavior problems, and dissociation. Result(s): The 88 participants (75 [85%] female) had a mean age of 18.1 years (95% CI, 17.6-18.6 years). In the intention-to-treat analysis, the 44 participants receiving D-CPT (39 [89%] female) demonstrated greater improvement than the 44 WL/TA participants (36 [82%] female) in terms of PTSD severity (mean CAPS-CA scores, 24.7 [95% CI, 16.6-32.7] vs 47.5 [95% CI, 37.9-57.1]; Hedges g = 0.90). This difference was maintained through the follow-up (mean CAPS-CA scores, 25.9 [95% CI, 16.2-35.6] vs 47.3 [95% CI, 37.8-56.8]; Hedges g = 0.80). Treatment success was greatest during the trauma-focused core phase. The D-CPT participants also showed greater and stable improvement in all secondary outcomes, with between-groups effect sizes ranging from 0.65 to 1.08 at the posttreatment assessment (eg, for borderline symptoms, 14.1 [95% CI, 8.0-20.2] vs 32.0 [95% CI, 23.8-40.2]; Hedges g = 0.91). Conclusions and Relevance: Adolescents and young adults with abuse-related PTSD benefited more from D-CPT than from WL/TA. Treatment success was stable at the follow-up and generalized to borderline symptoms and other comorbidities. Trial Registration: German Clinical Trials Register identifier: DRKS00004787. Copyright © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
JAMA Psychiatry, 76(5) : 484-491
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Abdollahpour, S., Khosravi, A., Motaghi, Z., Keramat, A., Mousavi, S. A.
OBJECTIVE: Planning to promote the health of mothers in postpartum is important in all countries. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of two counseling method on prevention of post-traumatic stress after childbirth. METHOD(S): In this clinical trial, 193 of mothers who had experienced a traumatic birth were randomly assigned to three groups. Participants were assessed using IES_R questionnaire at 4-6 weeks and 3 months after delivery. RESULT(S): Debriefing and brief cognitive behavioral counseling (CBC) significantly improved the symptoms of postpartum traumatic stress disorder. After 3 months, CBC had a significant effect on the symptoms. CONCLUSION(S): Screening of traumatic childbirth, implementation of supportive care, and early counseling prior to the initiation of post-traumatic stress are recommended. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: IRCT2015072522396N2. http://en.search.irct.ir/view/24735 .
Community Mental Health Journal., 55(7) : 1173-1178
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
, Psychological debriefing
Rith-Najarian, L. R., Mesri, B., Park, A. L., Sun, M., Chavira, D. A., Chorpita, B. F.
Cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) for youth with anxiety, traumatic stress, and depression have demonstrated strong effects in individual studies and meta-analyses. Relatively more attention has been given to posttreatment effects, though, and assessment of follow-up effects has been limited at the meta-analytic level. The current meta-analysis aimed to (a) examine the effects of youth CBT at posttreatment, 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, 1-year, and long-term (2+ years) follow-up as well as (b) identify research-related variables (e.g., measure respondent type) that relate to effects. Using a random effects model across 110 child and adolescent CBT groups, within-group effect sizes were large at posttreatment (g = 1.24) and from 1-month through long-term follow-up (g = 1.23-1.82), and effect sizes did not significantly differ by treatment target (i.e., anxiety, traumatic stress, depression). However, availability of outcome data for effect sizes diminished across later follow-up assessments. Moreover, effect sizes were significantly associated with outcome respondent type across assessment timing, with outcome measures from caregiver and youth respondents associated with smaller effect sizes (B = -0.97, p < 0.001) relative to outcome measures that were evaluator-reported. Results provide initial support for the durability of treatment effects for youth CBTs and highlight the importance of some confounding variables. Implications for improving treatment research standards and prioritizing assessment of long-term follow-up assessment are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Behavior Therapy, 50(1) : 225-240
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Hylton, E., Ironson, G.
Background: On February 14th, 2018, a gunman open-fired a semi-automatic weapon at Marjory Stoneman Douglas Highschool in Parkland, FL, killing seventeen students and staff members. Mass shootings have increased in the United States in recent decades and are associated with adverse psychological outcomes. This pilot study evaluates the effectiveness of a two-week creative arts therapy camp at improving the mental health status of adolescents exposed to the Parkland shooting. Method(s): This study used a pre-post design to evaluate a creative arts therapy intervention. Participants (n=44) were rising high school students enrolled in a two-week summer arts therapy camp, where they had the option of participating in visual art, drama, or music therapy. A questionnaire including the Patient Health Questionnaire 8-Item Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale, and Child's Reaction to Traumatic Events Scale were administered on the first and final days of the intervention. Result(s): At baseline, a third of participants indicated clinically significant depression (31.8%), a third indicated clinically significant anxiety (31.8%), and nearly two thirds indicated high levels of posttraumatic stress (60.5%). There were statistically significant reductions in PTSD [mean difference=6.8, t(33)=3.08, p=.004], depression [mean difference=1.79, t(33)=2.25, p=.031], and anxiety symptoms [mean difference=2.4 , t(33)=3.26, p=.003] between pre- and post-intervention time points, with effect sizes between .38-.56. Drama therapy appeared to be the most effective of the three arts therapy approaches. Within the drama group, there was a significant decrease in PTSD symptoms [mean difference=8.67, t(8)=2.80, p=.023], anxiety symptoms [mean difference=5.33 t(9)=3.44, p=.007], and depressive symptoms [mean difference=5.03, t(9)=2.49, p=.034]. Symptom reductions within the music and visual art groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion(s): Creative arts therapy appears to be a well-tolerated and age-appropriate intervention to improve the mental health status of traumatized adolescents. Students have the choice to engage with the trauma to the extent that they are ready. Of the three arts therapy types, drama therapy may be the most effective treatment to reduce anxiety, PTSD, and depressive symptoms in adolescents exposed to gun violence.
Psychosomatic Medicine, 81 (4) : A104
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative Interventions (CAM)
, Creative expression: music, dance, drama, art
VanWestrhenen, N., Fritz, E., Vermeer, A., Boelen, P., Kleber, R.
Aim To evaluate the feasibility and effect of a 10-session creative arts in psychotherapy group programme on posttraumatic stress symptoms, behavioural problems, and posttraumatic growth, in children who experienced a traumatic event. Design A multicentre non-randomized controlled trial with a treatment and a control condition conducted in South Africa (4 sites). Methods 125 children aged 7 to 13 years were assigned either to the treatment condition receiving creative arts in psychotherapy or a control condition with a low-level supportive programme without treatment. Attrition rates were 63.4% and in total 47 children completed the programme and questionnaires assessing posttraumatic stress, posttraumatic growth and behaviour problems both at baseline and follow-up; 23 in the treatment group and 24 in the control group. Adjusted mean differences were analysed using ANCOVA with bootstrapping. Results Results showed that both hyperarousal symptoms (d = 0.61) and avoidance symptoms (d = 0.41) decreased more in the treatment group compared to the control group. There was no significant effect of the intervention found for reported levels of behavioural problems and posttraumatic growth. Conclusion In spite of severe challenges implementing and executing this pioneering study in underprivileged areas of South Africa, support was found for creative arts in psychotherapy reducing hyperarousal and avoidance symptoms, but not for other symptoms. Valuable lessons were learned on feasibility of implementing this intervention in a developing context. Copyright © 2019 van Westrhenen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PLoS ONE, 14 (2)(e0210857) :
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative Interventions (CAM)
, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions, Creative expression: music, dance, drama, art