Disorders - Anxiety Disorders
Hides, L., Carroll, S., Scott, R., Cotton, S., Baker, A., Lubman, D. I.
Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 82(2) : 122-124
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders, Alcohol Use, Cannabis Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
, Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy
Garcia, C., Pintor, J., Vazquez, G., Alvarez-Zumarraga, E.
The authors examined the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of Project Wings Girls' Groups, a school-based mental health promotion program designed to improve well-being in Latina adolescents, as observed in outcomes, including perceived stress, depressive symptoms, coping, and connectedness. This pilot randomized controlled trial compared outcomes over 9 months postintervention for 42 9th and 10th grade adolescents attending two urban high schools. Girls were randomized to Project Wings Girls' Groups, a 16-session facilitated curriculum, including sharing circles, mind-body exercises, and coping skills building or the attention control (i.e., similar format but focused on general health topics). Feasibility of retention and long-term follow-up data collection was demonstrated, with lessons learned for future study. Although not statistically powered, this trial demonstrated findings in the expected direction, including reduced perceived stress and depression and increased connectedness. A trial with sufficient power is warranted to examine Project Wings' effects on mental health problems among Latina adolescents. (copyright) The Author(s) 2011.
Western Journal of Nursing Research, 35(4) : 434-458
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Kanojia, S., Kumar-Sharma, V., Gandhi, A., Kapoor, R., Kukreja, A., Kumar-Subramanian, S.
Context: Premenstrual stress affects 75% of women of childbearing age and yoga has been found to be beneficial in many psycho-somatic disorders. Aims: To investigate the effect of integrated yoga on autonomic parameters and psychological well-being during both pre and post phases of menstrual cycle in healthy young female subjects. Settings and Design: Present study is a randomized control trial and was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India. Material and Methods: Fifty apparently healthy females in the age group of 18-20 years were randomized into two groups: Group I (n=25) consisted of subjects who practiced yoga 35-40 minutes per day, six times per week for the duration of three menstrual cycles. Training was given by qualified yoga instructor. Group II (n=25) subjects acted as controls. Following parameters were recorded at the beginning and after completion of three menstrual cycles in all the subjects: Height, weight (BW), Resting Heart Rate (HR), Resting Systolic (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), parasympathetic reactivity tests including Expiration-Inspiration Ratio (E: I ratio) and 30:15 ratio, sympathetic reactivity tests including BP changes due to Isometric Hand Grip (IHG) exercise, and Cold Pressor Test (CPT). Assessment of psychological status was done by administering DIPAS (Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences) inventories of Anger self report scale, Trait Anxiety, Sense of well-being and Depression scale. Statistical Analysis: Intra-group comparison of physiological parameters was done by using paired 't' test, whereas intra-group comparison of non-parameteric data such as scores of anxiety, depression, anger and sense of well-being was done by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Inter-group comparison of parameters was done by Students 't' test for parametric tests and Mann-Whitney 'U' test for non-parameteric tests. Results: There was significantly higher BW, resting SBP, DBP, sympathetic activity and blunting of parasympathetic reactivity and also, significantly higher scores of anger, depression, anxiety and decreased score of well-being in premenstrual phase as compared to postmenstrual phase in both the groups in initial cycle. There was significantly higher percentage decrease in BW, HR, SBP & DBP in yoga group as compared to control group in both the phases from initial to second and onwards between second and third menstrual cycle. Also, decrease in anger, depression and anxiety and increase in well-being score was significant in yoga group as compared to control group from initial to second and third cycle in premenstrual phase while the change was significant only in depression score in postmenstrual phase. Conclusion: Our study shows that there was significant alteration of autonomic functions and psychological status in premenstrual phase when compared with postmenstrual phase in young healthy females. Also, regular practice of yoga has beneficial effects on both phases of menstrual cycle by bringing parasympathodominance and psychological well-being probably by balancing neuro-endocrinal axis.
Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research, 7(10) : 2133-2139
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative Interventions (CAM)
, Mind-body exercises (e.g. yoga, tai chi, qigong)
Gearing, Robin E., Schwalbe, Craig S. J., Lee, RaeHyuck, Hoagwood, Kimberly E.
Background: To investigate the effects of booster sessions in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for children and adolescents with mood or anxiety disorders, whereas controlling for youth demographics (e.g., gender, age), primary diagnosis, and intervention characteristics (e.g., treatment modality, number of sessions).; Methods: Electronic databases were searched for CBT interventions for youth with mood and anxiety disorders. Fifty-three (k = 53) studies investigating 1,937 youth met criteria for inclusion. Booster sessions were examined using two case-controlled effect sizes: pre-post and pre-follow-up (6 months) effect sizes and employing weighted least squares (WLSs) regressions.; Results: Meta-analyses found pre-post studies with booster sessions had a larger effect size r = .58 (k = 15; 95% CI = 0.52-0.65; P < .01) than those without booster sessions r = .45 (k = 38; 95% CI = 0.41-0.49; P < .001). In the WLS regression analyses, controlling for demographic factors, primary diagnosis, and intervention characteristics, studies with booster sessions showed larger pre-post effect sizes than those without booster sessions (B = 0.13, P < .10). Similarly, pre-follow-up studies with booster sessions showed a larger effect size r = .64 (k = 10; 95% CI = 0.57-0.70; P < .10) than those without booster sessions r = .48 (k = 20; 95% CI = 0.42-0.53; P < .01). Also, in the WLS regression analyses, pre-follow-up studies showed larger effect sizes than those without booster sessions (B = 0.08, P < .01) after accounting for all control variables.; Conclusions: Result suggests that CBT interventions with booster sessions are more effective and the effect is more sustainable for youth managing mood or anxiety disorders than CBT interventions without booster sessions.; © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Depression & Anxiety, 30(9) : 800-808
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Korte, Kristina J., Schmidt, Norman B.
Anxiety sensitivity (AS), the fear of the consequences of anxiety, is known to be a risk factor in the development and maintenance of anxiety psychopathology. In recent years, AS has been shown to be responsive to a variety of interventions aimed at reducing this malleable risk factor. Motivational interviewing (MI) and motivation enhancement treatment (MET) have been shown to be effective in enhancing the treatment of anxiety disorders. Thus, it was hypothesized that motivational interventions may also be effective in those with elevated AS. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the use of MI/MET would be effective in reducing AS. Participants (N = 80) with elevated AS were randomized into an MET or health-focused psychoeducation control group. Results revealed that the MET condition showed a significant reduction in AS in comparison to the control group. These findings are comparable to reductions in AS observed in other AS interventions. Further, changes in motivation mediated the association between experimental group and post-intervention AS. This study is the first to demonstrate the efficacy of MI/MET strategies in the reduction of AS. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved). (journal abstract)
Cognitive Therapy & Research, 37(6) : 1140-1150
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy
Kim, Jong-Ho, Yang, Heewon, Schroeppel, Stephen
The effects of Kouk Sun Do (KSD), a mind-body exercise on mental health in university students, were investigated in this pilot study. University students (N = 30) with self-reported anxiety symptoms were randomly assigned to either the treatment group or the waiting list control group. Eighteen participants (N = 18; seven in the treatment group and 11 in the waiting list control group) completed a pre-test and a post-test, and 12 participants dropped out before or during the intervention. Ten 70-min KSD exercise sessions were conducted three times per week over a 4-week period. Trait anxiety, depressive symptoms and general self-efficacy in coping with stress were measured with the pre-test and the post-test. Qualitative data were collected using open-ended questions regarding benefits of KSD at the last session. A two (group) by two (time) repeated-measure analysis of variance was used to analyse the data. Trait anxiety and depressive symptoms decreased whereas general self-efficacy increased over a 4-week period. The treatment group had significantly reduced trait anxiety and depressive symptoms compared with the control group across time. Qualitative data provided support that the self-induced relaxation effects of KSD may lead to reduced anxiety.; Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stress & Health, 29(2) : 99-107
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative Interventions (CAM)
, Mind-body exercises (e.g. yoga, tai chi, qigong)
McGowan, S. K., Behar, E.
For individuals with generalized anxiety disorder, worry becomes associated with numerous aspects of life (e.g., time of day, specific stimuli, environmental cues) and is thus under poor discriminative stimulus control (SC). In addition, excessive worry is associated with anxiety, depressed mood, and sleep difficulties. This investigation sought to provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy of SC procedures in reducing anxiety-, mood-, and sleep-related symptoms. A total of 53 participants with high trait worry were randomly assigned to receive 2 weeks of either SC training (consisting of a 30-min time- and place-restricted worry period each day) or a control condition called focused worry (FW; consisting of instructions to not avoid naturally occurring worry so that worry and anxiety would not paradoxically increase). At post-training, SC was superior to FW in producing reductions on measures of worry, anxiety, negative affect, and insomnia, but not on measures of depression or positive affect. Moreover, SC was superior to FW in producing clinically significant change on measures of worry and anxiety. Results provide preliminary support for the use of SC training techniques in larger treatment packages for individuals who experience high levels of worry.;
Behavior Modification, 37(1) : 90-112
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Lewis, K. M., Dubois, D. L., Bavarian, N., Acock, A., Silverthorn, N., Day, J., Ji, P., Vuchinich, S., Flay, B. R.
Purpose We examined the effects of Positive Action (PA), a school-based social-emotional learning and health promotion program, on the emotional health of predominately low-income and ethnic minority urban youth. Methods The study was a matched-pair, cluster-randomized controlled trial involving 14 Chicago public schools. Outcomes were assessed over a 6-year period of program implementation for a cohort of youth in each school, followed from grades 3 to 8. Youth reported on their emotional health (positive affect, life satisfaction, depression, anxiety) and social-emotional and character development. Growth-curve and structural-equation modeling analyses assessed overall program effects on the emotional health outcomes as well as mediation of these effects via the program's impact on youths' social-emotional and character development. Results Students in PA schools, compared with those in control schools, had more favorable change over the course of the study in positive affect (standardized mean difference effect size [ES] =.17) and life satisfaction (ES =.13) as well as significantly lower depression (ES = -.14) and anxiety (ES = -.26) at study end point. Program effects for positive affect, depression, and anxiety were mediated by more favorable change over time in social-emotional and character development for students in PA schools. Conclusions Results suggest that universal, school-based programs can benefit the emotional health of youth in low-income, urban settings. The modest magnitude of effects over an extended period of program implementation, however, reflects the challenges of both mounting interventions and offsetting formidable risks for mental health problems in such environments. (copyright) 2013 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved.
Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(6) : 706-711
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Muriungi, S. K., Ndetei, D. M.
Objective. To determine the effectiveness of psycho-education on symptom severity in depression, hopelessness, suicidality, anxiety and risk of substance abuse among para-medical students at Kenya Medical Training College (KMTC). Methodology. A clinical trial drew experimental (N=1 181) and control (N=1 926) groups from different KMTC campuses. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data: the researcher-designed social demographic questionnaire was used at baseline only, while Beck's Depression Inventory, Beck's Hopelessness Scale, Beck's Suicide Ideation Scale, Beck's Anxiety Inventory and World Health Organization alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST) (for drug abuse) were used for baseline, mid-point and end-point assessments at 3-month intervals. The experimental group received a total of 16 hours of structured psycho-education. All study participants gave informed consent. Results. Overall, there was no significant reduction in symptom severity between the experimental and control groups at 3 months (p>0.05) but there was a significant difference at 6 months (p<0.05). Conclusion. Psycho-education was effective in reducing the severity of symptoms of depression, hopelessness, suicidality, anxiety and risk of substance abuse at 6 months.
South African Journal of Psychiatry, 19(2) : 41-50
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders, Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
, Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation
Khalsa, S. B. S., Butzer, B., Shorter, S. M., Reinhardt, K. M., Cope, S.
Context Professional musicians often experience high levels of stress, music performance anxiety (MPA), and performance-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs). Given the fact that most professional musicians begin their musical training before the age of 12, it is important to identify interventions that will address these issues from an early age. Objective This study intended to replicate and expand upon adult research in this area by evaluating the effects of a yoga intervention on MPA and PRMDs in a population of adolescent musicians. The present study was the first to examine these effects. Design The research team assigned participants, adolescent musicians, into two groups. The intervention group (n = 84) took part in a 6-wk yoga program, and the control group (n = 51) received no treatment. The team evaluated the effects of the yoga intervention by comparing the scores of the intervention group to those of the control group on a number of questionnaires related to MPA and PRMDs. Setting The study was conducted at the Boston University Tanglewood Institute (BUTI). BUTI is a training academy for advanced adolescent musicians, located in Lenox, Massachusetts. Participants Participants were adolescent, residential music students (mean age = 16 y) in a 6-wk summer program at the BUTI in 2007 and 2008. Intervention Participants in the yoga intervention group were requested to attend three, 60-min, Kripalustyle yoga classes each wk for 6 wk. Outcome Measures MPA was measured using the Performance Anxiety Questionnaire (PAQ) and the Music Performance Anxiety Inventory for Adolescents (MPAI-A). PRMDs were measured using the Performance-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire (PRMD-Q). Results Yoga participants showed statistically significant reductions in MPA from baseline to the end of the program compared to the control group, as measured by several subscales of the PAQ and MPAI-A; however, the results for PRMDs were inconsistent. Conclusion The findings suggest that yoga may be a promising way for adolescents to reduce MPA and perhaps even prevent it in the future. These findings also suggest a novel treatment modality that potentially might alleviate MPA and prevent the early disruption and termination of musical careers.
Alternative Therapies in Health & Medicine, 19(2) : 34-45
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative Interventions (CAM)
, Mind-body exercises (e.g. yoga, tai chi, qigong)
Melnyk, B. M., Jacobson, D., Kelly, S., Belyea, M., Shaibi, G., Small, L., O'Haver, J., Marsiglia, F. F.
Background: Although obesity and mental health disorders are two major public health problems in adolescents that affect academic performance, few rigorously designed experimental studies have been conducted in high schools. Purpose: The goal of the study was to test the efficacy of the COPE (Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment) Healthy Lifestyles TEEN (Thinking, Emotions, Exercise, Nutrition) Program, versus an attention control program (Healthy Teens) on: healthy lifestyle behaviors, BMI, mental health, social skills, and academic performance of high school adolescents immediately after and at 6 months post-intervention. Design: A cluster RCT was conducted. Data were collected from January 2010 to May of 2012 and analyzed in 2012-2013. Setting/participants: A total of 779 culturally diverse adolescents in the U.S. Southwest participated in the trial. Intervention: COPE was a cognitive-behavioral skills-building intervention with 20 minutes of physical activity integrated into a health course, taught by teachers once a week for 15 weeks. The attention control program was a 15-session, 15-week program that covered common health topics. Main outcome measures: Primary outcomes assessed immediately after and 6 months post-intervention were healthy lifestyle behaviors and BMI. Secondary outcomes included mental health, alcohol and drug use, social skills, and academic performance. Results: Post-intervention, COPE teens had a greater number of steps per day (p=0.03) and a lower BMI (p=0.01) than did those in Healthy Teens, and higher average scores on all Social Skills Rating System subscales (p-values <0.05). Teens in the COPE group with extremely elevated depression scores at pre-intervention had significantly lower depression scores than the Healthy Teens group (p=0.02). Alcohol use was 12.96% in the COPE group and 19.94% in the Healthy Teens group (p=0.04). COPE teens had higher health course grades than did control teens. At 6 months post-intervention, COPE teens had a lower mean BMI than teens in Healthy Teens (COPE=24.72, Healthy Teens=25.05, adjusted M=-0.34, 95% CI=-0.56, -0.11). The proportion of those overweight was significantly different from pre-intervention to 6-month follow-up (chi-square=4.69, p=0.03), with COPE decreasing the proportion of overweight teens, versus an increase in overweight in control adolescents. There also was a trend for COPE Teens to report less alcohol use at 6 months (p=0.06). Conclusions: COPE can improve short- and more long-term outcomes in high school teens. (copyright) 2013 American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 45(4) : 407-415
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders, Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative Interventions (CAM)
, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
, Physical activity, exercise
Misra, M., Katzman, D. K., Estella, N. M., Eddy, K. T., Weigel, T., Goldstein, M. A., Miller, K. K., Klibanski, A.
Objective: Anorexia nervosa is characterized by low weight, aberrant eating attitudes, body image distortion, and hypogonadism. Anxiety is a common comorbid condition. Estrogen replacement reduces anxiety in animal models, and reported variations in food intake across the menstrual cycle may be related to gonadal steroid levels. The impact of estrogen replacement on anxiety, eating attitudes, and body image has not been reported in anorexia nervosa. We hypothesized that physiologic estrogen replacement would ameliorate anxiety and improve eating attitudes without affecting body image in anorexia nervosa. Method: Girls 13-18 years old with anorexia nervosa (DSM-IV) were randomized to transdermal estradiol (100 (mu)g twice weekly) with cyclic progesterone or placebo patches and pills for 18-months, between 2002 and 2010. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 (EDI-2), and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-34) were administered. 72 girls completed these measures at baseline (n = 38 [girls receiving estrogen] and n = 34 [girls receiving placebo]) and 37 at 18 months (n = 20 [girls receiving estrogen] and n = 17 [girls receiving placebo]). The primary outcome measure was the change in these scores over 18 months. Results: Estrogen replacement caused a decrease in STAIC-trait scores (-3.05 [1.22] vs 2.07 [1.73], P = .02), without impacting STAIC-state scores (-1.11 [2.17] vs 0.20 [1.42], P = .64). There was no effect of estrogen replacement on EDI-2 or BSQ-34 scores. Body mass index (BMI) changes did not differ between groups, and effects of estrogen replacement on STAIC-trait scores persisted after controlling for BMI changes (P = .03). Increases in serum estradiol were significantly associated with decreases in STAIC-trait scores (Spearman (rho) = -0.45, P = .03). Conclusions: Estrogen replacement improved trait anxiety (the tendency to experience anxiety) but did not impact eating attitudes or body shape perception. (copyright) Copyright 2013 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 74(8) : e765-e771
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Eating Disorders (any), Anorexia Nervosa
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions (any)
, Other biological interventions