Disorders - Suicide or self-harm with comorbid mental disorder
Robinson, J., Cox, G., Hetrick, S.
Background: Suicide-related behaviours are common among young people. At least 100,000 adolescents complete suicide every year, and worldwide, suicide ranks in the top five causes of mortality among 15 - 19 year olds. Suicide attempt and suicidal ideation are more common, with just under 10% of adolescents reporting lifetime rates of attempted suicide, and almost 30% reporting a lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation. A number of countries have developed national suicide prevention strategies with youth as one of the groups to be targeted, yet despite this, and despite the extent of this problem, little is known about the effectiveness of interventions to reduce risk, in both general and clinical populations. Thus the aims of this paper are to briefly describe the rates and risk factors associated with suicide-related behaviour in young people and the to examine in more detail the evidence for a range of interventions designed to reduce risk that could inform both clinical practice and government policy. Methods: Three systematic reviews, and one narrative review, were conducted in order to examine the range, and effectiveness, of interventions designed to reduce suicide risk among young people, in clinical, schoolbased and online settings. For each of the reviews conducted suicide-related behaviour had to be a primary outcome of interest. Results: Suicide prevention in clinical settings: Fifteen published trails were included. Of them two targeted young people with mood disorders, one targeted young people with borderline personality disorder and one study targeted young people with a psychotic disorder. Interventions included (but are not restricted to): medication, a family-based intervention, dialectical behavioural therapy, problem-solving therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy and group therapy. No differences were found between treatment and control groups except in one study that found a difference in rates of suicidal ideation between individual cognitive behavioural therapy and treatment as usual. Suicide prevention in school settings: Forty-three studies were included here, of which 15 reported on universal education or awareness programs, 23 reported on selective interventions (e.g. gatekeeper training and screening programs), 3 reported on targeted interventions, and 2 examined a postvention response in schools. Of these studies the most promising appeared to be gatekeeper training and screening programs, although more research is necessary. Suicide prevention in online settings: These reviews found that, despite the number, and potential effectiveness of, online programs for young people with depression and/or anxiety disorders, there are currently no published studies reporting on the effects of online therapy for suicidal youth. Similarly a number of studies have been found that discuss the relationship between suicide and social media, however despite the popularity and the potential reach of social media, no actual interventions studies were identified. Discussion: Overall it is concluded that whilst we know much about the epidemiology of suicide among youth, there is a dearth of well-conducted studies that provide adequate evidence regarding what works in youth suicide prevention. This has implications both clinically and at a policy level. A greater emphasis on intervention studies - including novel interventions would lead to better practice in terms of detecting and supporting suicidal young people, and could also contribute to a better informed, and more evidence-based, policy agenda around the world.
Schizophrenia Research, 153 : S10-S11
- Year: 2014
- Problem: Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
, Suicide or self-harm with comorbid mental disorder
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
, Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions (any)
, Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
Vaslamatzis, G., Theodoropoulos, P., Vondikaki, S., Karamanolaki, H., Miliatsanira, M., Gourounti, K.
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of combined treatment - medication plus psychodynamic psychotherapy - and psychodynamic psychotherapy alone on the outcome variables of suicidality and impulsivity in a population of adult inpatients with severe personality disorder (SPD). This is a naturalistic-empirical (observational) study under the conditions of clinical practice (an intensive specialized inpatient psychotherapeutic program [SIPP]). The sample consisted of 33 inpatients with SPD who were allocated to two subgroups (groups A and B). The patients in group A received psychodynamic psychotherapy and adjunctive pharmacotherapy, whereas the patients in group B received multimodal psychodynamic psychotherapy only. A statistically significant reduction in suicidality score was observed in the patients in group A, whereas a tendency for significant reduction in impulsivity score was observed in group B after the SIPP termination. Pharmacotherapy combined with multimodal psychodynamic psychotherapy, always within the SIPP, seems more effective in the case of suicidality rather than impulsivity.©2014 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 202(2) : 138-143
- Year: 2014
- Problem: Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
, Suicide or self-harm with comorbid mental disorder
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions (any)
, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychodynamic/Psychoanalysis
Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., Dehbozorgi, G.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a Cognitive-Behavioral therapy (CBT) for suicide prevention in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness in a sample of depressed 12 to 18 year-old adolescents who had at least one previous suicidal attempt.; Methods: In a clinical trial, 30 depressed adolescents who attempted suicide in the recent 3 months were selected using simple sampling method and divided randomly into intervention and wait-list control groups. Both groups received psychiatric interventions as routine. The intervention group received a 12 session (once a week) of CBT program according to the package developed by Stanley et al, including psychoeducational interventions and individual and family skills training modules. All of the patients were evaluated by Scale for Suicidal Ideation, Beck's hopelessness Inventory, and Beck's Depression Inventory before the intervention and after 12 weeks.; Findings: There were significant differences between the two groups regarding the scores of the above mentioned scales after 12 weeks. Fifty-four to 77 percent decreases in the mean scores of the used scales were observed in the invention group. There were no significant changes in the scores of the control wait-list group. The differences between pre- and post-intervention scores in the intervention group were significant.; Conclusion: CBT is an effective method in reducing suicidal ideation and hopelessness in the depressed adolescents with previous suicidal attempts.;
Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, 23(4) : 467-472
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Depressive Disorders, Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
, Suicide or self-harm with comorbid mental disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Crowe, M., Inder, M., Moor, S., Luty, S. E., Carter, J.
Objective: Rates of attempting and completing suicide are high in Bipolar Disorder (BD) with death due to suicide in 10-15% of patients (Simon, Hunkeler et al. 2007), up to 60-fold higher than in the general population (Neves, Malloy-Dinez et al. 2009). The high lethality of suicidal acts in bipolar disorders is suggested by a much lower ratio of attempts: suicide (approximately 3:1) than in the general population (approximately 30:1) (Baldessarini, Tondo et al. 2006). The association between BD and suicide attempts is wellestablished, however there is fairly limited prospective data reported and many studies exclude patients who have alcohol and/ or drug abuse/dependence, other Axis 1 comorbidity or suicidal ideation (Crowe, Whitehead et al. 2010). Methods: One hundred young people (15-36 years) were recruited to take part in an 18-month randomised controlled trial of Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT) and Specialist Supportive Care (SSC). Participants were randomised to each therapy in addition to medication management from a psychiatrist. Data on lifetime suicide attempts was collected as baseline weeks 26, 52, 78, 104, 130, and 156, with additional questions on suicidal behaviour. Descriptive analyses including frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations were undertaken on demographic, clinical and suicide data. Chi-square analyses and independent t-test were done to compare the characteristics of those participants who completed with those who were non-completers. Results: At baseline previous suicide attempts were common with 48 participants (7 males, 41 females) assessed by the treating psychiatrist as having attempted suicide. In the six months preceding the study, a total of 11 (22.9%) individuals, all female, made suicide attempts. The vast majority of participants at the time of the attempt indicated they wished to die with 2/3rds believing their attempt would result in death. In the 6 months prior to the study commencement, there were a total of 11 individuals who made attempts with a total of 18 actual attempts made. Over the course of the intervention and follow up period (156 weeks), 15 individuals made subsequent suicide attempts with a total of 28 attempts. During the course of the study there was one death by suicide. There were no statistical differences found in demographic, clinical or suicidal behaviour characteristics indicating no significant differences in these groups. Discussion: There were no statistical differences in the characteristics of suicide risk factors (gender, age, age of onset, previous attempts, substance or alcohol use disorder and anxiety disorder) between those we were able to follow-up (n = 73) and those that were lost to follow-up (n = 27). While there may be an association between the psychotherapy interventions and the reduction in suicide attempts, there are also other possible factors that could explain this. Larger numbers would be required before an association could be made more definitively. However these results add to the growing evidence that adjunctive psychosocial interventions may contribute to a reduction in suicide risk in bipolar individuals.
Bipolar Disorders, 15 : 97
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Bipolar Disorders, Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
, Suicide or self-harm with comorbid mental disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Gleeson, J. F. M., Chanen, A., Cotton, S. M., Pearce, T., Newman, B., McCutcheon, L.
Aim: First-episode psychosis and borderline personality disorder are severe mental disorders that have their onset in youth. Their co-occurrence is clinically well recognized, is associated with significant risks and is complex to treat. Yet, there is no published specific intervention for this problem. This study reports a pilot randomized controlled trial comparing combined specialist first-episode treatment plus specialist early intervention for borderline personality, entitled Helping Young People Early, with specialist first-episode treatment alone. We aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of adding early intervention for borderline personality. Methods: The study investigated the safety of specialist first-episode treatment plus specialist early intervention for borderline personality in relation to deterioration in psychosis, aggression, self-harm and suicidality, and feasibility in relation to the completion of therapy phases. Sixteen patients meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for first-episode psychosis and borderline personality (four or more DSM-IV criteria) were randomized either to specialist first-episode treatment alone or specialist first-episode treatment plus specialist early intervention for borderline personality and were followed up at the end of treatment and 6months later. Results: The results showed that it was feasible to recruit and assess a high risk and complex group of patients who were agreeable to study participation. Specialist first-episode treatment plus specialist early intervention for borderline personality was an acceptable and safe treatment. Conclusion: A larger-scale randomized controlled trial of early intervention for borderline personality for young first-episode psychosis patients with co-occurring full or subsyndromal borderline personality is warranted. (copyright) 2011 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.
Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 6(1) : 21-29
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Psychosis Disorders, Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
, Suicide or self-harm with comorbid mental disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: First episode (psychosis only)
, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive analytic therapy (CAT)
, Case management
Andion, O., Ferrer, M., Matali, J., Gancedo, B., Calvo, N., Barral, C., Valero, S., Di Genova, A., Diener, M. J., Torrubia, R., Casas, M.
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is an effective therapy. However, treating borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients with standard DBT can be problematic in some institutions due to logistical or cost limitations. The aim of this preliminary study is to examine the efficacy of Individual DBT in 37 BPD patients, compared with Combined individual/Group DBT in 14 BPD patients. Outcome measures included suicide attempts, self-harm behaviors, and visits to emergency departments. These variables were examined at pretreatment, 12 months/end of treatment, and at an 18-month follow-up. In addition, dropout rates were examined. Significant improvements on the outcome measures were observed across both versions of DBT treatment, particularly at the 18-month follow-up assessment. No significant differences were observed between Individual DBT and Combined individual/Group DBT on any of the posttreatment evaluations. An individual version of DBT may be an effective and less costly option for BPD treatment. Larger controlled trials are needed to confirm the results. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved.
Psychotherapy, 49(2) : 241-250
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Non-suicidal self-harm behaviours
, Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
, Suicide or self-harm with comorbid mental disorder
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT)
Chen, E. Y. H., Tang, J. Y., Hui, C. L., Chiu, C. P., Lam, M. M., Law, C. W., Yew, C. W., Wong, G. H., Chung, D. W., Tso, S., Chan, K. P., Yip, K. C., Hung, S. F., Honer, W. G.
Aim: Although phase-specific early intervention for first-episode psychosis has been implemented in many different parts of the world, limited medium-term outcome data are available in non-Western populations with relatively low mental health resources. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of phase-specific early intervention in first-episode psychosis. Method: In this cohort study, we compared the 3-year outcome of 700 first-episode psychosis patients who received phase-specific early intervention with that of 700 patients matched for age, sex and diagnosis who received standard psychiatric care prior to early intervention. Using a structured data acquisition procedure, we determined functional outcome, symptom levels, relapse, recovery, suicidal behaviour and service utilization from clinical records. Results: Patients in the early intervention group had longer full-time employment or study (P<0.001), fewer days of hospitalization (P<0.001), less severe positive symptoms (P=0.006), less severe negative symptoms (P=0.001), fewer suicides (P=0.009) and fewer disengagements (P=0.002) than the historical control group. Additionally, more patients in the early intervention group experienced a period of recovery (P=0.001), but the two groups had similar rates of relapse (P=0.08) and durations of untreated psychosis (P=0.72). Conclusions: The 3-year outcome in phase-specific early intervention compared favourably with that of standard psychiatric care, particularly with respect to functional outcome and reduction in hospitalizations, suicides and disengagements. However, intervention did not appear to reduce the rate of relapse. (copyright) 2011 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.
Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 5(4) : 315-323
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Psychosis Disorders, Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
, Suicide or self-harm with comorbid mental disorder
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Other service delivery and improvement interventions
Ertl, Verena, Pfeiffer, Anett, Schauer, Anett, Elbert, Thomas, Neuner, Frank
Context: The psychological rehabilitation of former child soldiers and their successful reintegration into postconflict society present challenges. Despite high rates of impairment, there have been no randomized controlled trials examining the feasibility and efficacy of mental health interventions for former child soldiers. Objective: To assess the efficacy of a community-based intervention targeting symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in formerly abducted individuals. Design, Setting, and Participants: Randomized controlled trial recruiting 85 former child soldiers with PTSD from a population-based survey of 1113 Northern Ugandans aged 12 to 25 years, conducted between November 2007 and October 2009 in camps for internally displaced persons. Participants were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: narrative exposure therapy (n = 29), an academic catch-up program with elements of supportive counseling (n = 28), or a waiting list (n = 28). Symptoms of PTSD and trauma-related feelings of guilt were measured using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. The respective sections of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview were used to assess depression and suicide risk, and a locally adapted scale was used to measure perceived stigmatization. Symptoms of PTSD, depression, and related impairment were assessed before treatment and at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postintervention. Intervention: Treatments were carried out in 8 sessions by trained local lay therapists, directly in the communities. Main Outcome Measures: Change in PTSD severity, assessed over a 1-year period after treatment. Secondary outcome measures were depression symptoms, severity of suicidal ideation, feelings of guilt, and perceived stigmatization. Results: PTSD symptom severity (range, 0-148) was significantly more improved in the narrative exposure therapy group than in the academic catch-up (mean change difference, ‚àí14.06 [95% confidence interval, ‚àí27.19 to ‚àí0.92]) and waiting-list (mean change difference, ‚àí13.04 [95% confidence interval, ‚àí26.79 to 0.72]) groups. Contrast analyses of the time √ó treatment interaction of the mixed-effects model on PTSD symptom change over time revealed a superiority of narrative exposure therapy compared with academic catch-up (F[sub]1,234.1[/sub] = 5.21, P = .02) and wait-listing (F[sub]1,228.3[/sub] = 5.28, P = .02). Narrative exposure therapy produced a larger within-treatment effect size (Cohen d = 1.80) than academic catch-up (d = 0.83) and wait-listing (d = 0.81). Conclusion: Among former Ugandan child soldiers, short-term trauma-focused treatment compared either with an academic catch-up program including supportive counseling or with wait-listing resulted in greater reduction of PTSD symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
JAMA, 306(5) : 503-512
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
, Suicide or self-harm with comorbid mental disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Supportive therapy, Other Psychological Interventions, Narrative exposure therapy (NET)
Pompili, M., Serafini, G., Innamorati, M., Ambrosi, E., Giordano, G., Girardi, P., Tatarelli, R., Lester, D.
The annual worldwide suicide rate currently averages approximately 13 per 100,000 individuals per year (0.013% per year), with higher average rates for men than for women in all but a few countries, very low rates in children, and relatively high rates in elderly men. Suicide rates vary markedly between countries, reflecting in part differences in case-identification and reporting procedures. Rates of attempted suicide in the general population average 20-30 times higher than rates of completed suicide, but are probably under-reported. Research on the relationship between pharmacotherapy and suicidal behavior was rare until a decade ago. Most ecological studies and large clinical studies have found that a general reduction in suicide rates is significantly correlated with higher rates of prescribing modern antidepressants. However, ecological, cohort and case-control studies and data from brief, randomized, controlled trials in patients with acute affective disorders have found increases, particularly in young patients and particularly for the risk of suicide attempts, as well as increases in suicidal ideation in young patients. whether antidepressants are associated with specific aspects of suicidality (e.g., higher rates of completed suicide, attempted suicide and suicidal ideation) in younger patients with major affective disorders remains a highly controversial question. In light of this gap this paper analyzes research on the relationship between suicidality and antidepressant treatment.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 3(9) : 2861-2883
- Year: 2010
- Problem: Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
, Suicide or self-harm with comorbid mental disorder
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions (any)
, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Antidepressants (any)
Brent, D. A., Greenhill, L. L., Compton, S., Emslie, G., Wells, K., Walkup, J. T., Vitiello, B., et-al
Objective: To identify the predictors of suicidal events and attempts in adolescent suicide attempters with depression treated in an open treatment trial. Method: Adolescents who had made a recent suicide attempt and had unipolar depression (n =124) were either randomized (n = 22) or given a choice (n = 102) among three conditions. Two participants withdrew before treatment assignment. The remaining 124 youths received a specialized psychotherapy for suicide attempting adolescents (n = 17), a medication algorithm (n = 14), or the combination (n = 93). The participants were followed up 6 months after intake with respect to rate, timing, and predictors of a suicidal event (attempt or acute suicidal ideation necessitating emergency referral). Results: The morbid risks of suicidal events and attempts on 6-month follow-up were 0.19 and 0.12, respectively, with a median time to event of 44 days. Higher self-rated depression, suicidal ideation, family income, greater number of previous suicide attempts, lower maximum lethality of previous attempt, history of sexual abuse, and lower family cohesion predicted the occurrence, and earlier time to event, with similar findings for the outcome of attempts. A slower decline in suicidal ideation was associated with the occurrence of a suicidal event. Conclusions: In this open trial, the 6-month morbid risks for suicidal events and for reattempts were lower than those in other comparable samples, suggesting that this intervention should be studied further. Important treatment targets include suicidal ideation, family cohesion, and sequelae of previous abuse. Because 40% of events occurred with 4 weeks of intake, an emphasis on safety planning and increased therapeutic contact early in treatment may be warranted. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2009;48(10):987-996. (copyright) 2009 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(10) : 987-996
- Year: 2009
- Problem: Depressive Disorders, Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
, Suicide or self-harm with comorbid mental disorder
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions (any)
, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Vitiello, Benedetto, Brent, David A., Greenhill, Laurence L., Emslie, Graham, Wells, Karen, Walkup, John T., Stanley, Barbara, et-al
Objective: Method: Results: Conclusions: To examine the course of depression during the treatment of adolescents with depression who had recently attempted suicide.Adolescents (N = 124), ages 12 to 18 years, with a 90-day history of suicide attempt, a current diagnosis of depressive disorder (96.0% had major depressive disorder), and a Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) score of 36 or higher, entered a 6-month treatment with antidepressant medication, cognitive-behavioral therapy focused on suicide prevention, or their combination (Comb), at five academic sites. Treatment assignment could be either random or chosen by study participants. Intent-to-treat, mixed effects regression models of depression and other relevant ratings were estimated. Improvement and remission rates were computed with the last observation carried forward.Most patients (n = 104 or 84%) chose treatment assignment, and overall, three fourths (n = 93) received Comb. In Comb, CDRS-R declined from a baseline adjusted mean of 49.6 (SD 12.3) to 38.3 (8.0) at week 12 and to 27.0 (10.1) at week 24 (p < .0001), with a Clinical Global Impression -defined improvement rate of 58.0% at week 12 and 72.2% at week 24 and a remission (CDRS-R ≤ 28) rate of 32.5% at week 12 and 50.0% at week 24. The CDRS-R and the Scale for Suicidal Ideation scores were correlated at baseline (r = 0.43, p < .0001) and declined in parallel.When vigorously treated with a combination of medication and psychotherapy, adolescents with depression who have recently attempted suicide show rates of improvement and remission of depression that seem comparable to those observed in nonsuicidal adolescents with depression.
Copyright © 2009 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(10) : 997-1004
- Year: 2009
- Problem: Depressive Disorders, Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
, Suicide or self-harm with comorbid mental disorder
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions (any)
, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Tang, Tze-Chun, Jou, Shaw-Hwa, Ko, Chih-Hung, Huang, Shih-Yin, Yen, Cheng-Fang,
Aim: The aim of the present study was to examine the intervention effects of intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk (IPT-A-IN) by comparison with treatment as usual (TAU) at schools. Methods: A total of 347 students from one-fifth of the classes of a high school in southern Taiwan completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Hopelessness Scale for screening for suicidal risk. Of them, 73 depressed students who had suicidal risk on screening were randomly assigned to the IPT-A-IN or TAU group. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to examine the effect of IPT-A-IN on reducing the severity of depression, suicidal ideation, anxiety and hopelessness. Results: Using the pre-intervention scores as covariates, the IPT-A-IN group had lower post-intervention severity of depression, suicidal ideation, anxiety and hopelessness than the TAU group. Conclusion: Intensive school-based IPT-A-IN is effective in reducing the severity of depression, suicidal ideation, anxiety and hopelessness in depressed adolescents with suicidal risk. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 63(4) : 463-470
- Year: 2009
- Problem: Depressive Disorders, Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
, Suicide or self-harm with comorbid mental disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Interpersonal therapy (IPT)