Disorders - substance use disorders
Ferri, Marica, Allara, Elias, Bo, Alessandra, Gasparrini, Antonio, Faggiano, Fabrizio
Background: Substance-specific mass media campaigns which address young people are widely used to prevent illicit drug use. They aim to reduce use and raise awareness of the problem.; Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of mass media campaigns in preventing or reducing the use of or intention to use illicit drugs amongst young people.; Search Methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library 2013, Issue 1), including the Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group's Specialised Register; MEDLINE through PubMed (from 1966 to 29 January 2013); EMBASE (from 1974 to 30 January 2013) and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I (from 1861 to 3 February 2013).; Selection Criteria: Cluster-randomised controlled trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, interrupted time series and controlled before and after studies evaluating the effectiveness of mass media campaigns in influencing drug use, intention to use or the attitude of young people under the age of 26 towards illicit drugs.; Data Collection and Analysis: We used the standard methodological procedures of The Cochrane Collaboration.; Main Results: We included 23 studies involving 188,934 young people, conducted in the USA, Canada and Australia between 1991 and 2012. Twelve studies were randomised controlled trials (RCT), two were prospective cohort studies (PCS), one study was both a RCT and a PCS, six were interrupted time series and two were controlled before and after (CBA) studies. The RCTs had an overall low risk of bias, along with the ITS (apart from the dimension 'formal test of trend'), and the PCS had overall good quality, apart from the description of loss to follow-up by exposure.Self reported or biomarker-assessed illicit drug use was measured with an array of published and unpublished scales making comparisons difficult. Pooled results of five RCTs (N = 5470) show no effect of media campaign intervention (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.02; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.15 to 0.12).We also pooled five ITS studies (N = 26,405) focusing specifically on methamphetamine use. Out of four pooled estimates (two endpoints measured in two age groups), there was evidence of a reduction only in past-year prevalence of methamphetamine use among 12 to 17 years old.A further five studies (designs = one RCT with PCS, two PCS, two ITS, one CBA, N = 151,508), which could not be included in meta-analyses, reported a drug use outcome with varied results including a clear iatrogenic effect in one case and reduction of use in another.; Authors' Conclusions: Overall the available evidence does not allow conclusions about the effect of media campaigns on illicit drug use among young people. We conclude that further studies are needed.;
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 6 : CD009287
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
D'Amico, Elizabeth J., Hunter, Sarah B., Miles, Jeremy N. V., Ewing, Brett A., Osilla, Karen Chan
Group motivational interviewing (MI) interventions that target youth at-risk for alcohol and other drug (AOD) use may prevent future negative consequences. Youth in a teen court setting [n=193; 67% male, 45% Hispanic; mean age 16.6 (SD=1.05)] were randomized to receive either a group MI intervention, Free Talk, or usual care (UC). We examined client acceptance, and intervention feasibility and conducted a preliminary outcome evaluation. Free Talk teens reported higher quality and satisfaction ratings, and MI integrity scores were higher for Free Talk groups. AOD use and delinquency decreased for both groups at 3 months, and 12-month recidivism rates were lower but not significantly different for the Free Talk group compared to UC. Results contribute to emerging literature on MI in a group setting. A longer term follow-up is warranted.; © 2013.
Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 45(5) : 400-408
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy
Cheung, Chau-kiu, Ngai, Steven Sek-yum
Cognitive - behavioral integrated treatment (CBIT) is an intervention that social workers can learn to treat youth's drug abuse by cognitive restructuring, behavioral modification, and goal setting. A way to enhance the learning is training specifically for CBIT. Evaluation of the effectiveness of such training in raising social workers' CBIT practice and their young service users' illicit-drug-free days is the aim of this experimental study. This study first randomly assigned 14 outreach social workers to receive training for CBIT and 14 outreach social workers not to receive the training. The study also assessed 222 young service users (aged 11 - 22 years) engaged by 28 outreach social workers before the training and 169 of them after the training in a six-month follow-up. Furthermore, the study identified the reduction in the youth's dysfunctional cognition of playfulness as a means to deter the youth's drug abuse, based on personal interviews with outreach social workers and their young service users before the training. Derived from the statistical analysis of assessment data, results principally showed cascading effects from the social worker's reception of the CBIT training to the young service user's reception of CBIT, reduced playfulness, and lengthened drug-free days. A supplementary finding was that the young service user's time in the outreach social work service prolonged drug-free days and reduced playfulness. These results imply that the outreach social work service, CBIT training, and CBIT are useful for treating youth's illicit drug abuse. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved). (journal abstract)
Children & Youth Services Review, 35(2) : 302-311
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Clair, Mary, Stein, L., Soenksen, Shayna, Martin, Rosemarie, Lebeau, Rebecca, Golembeske, Charles
Motivational interviewing (MI) has been found to be an effective treatment for substance using populations, including incarcerated adolescents. Although some studies suggest MI is more successful with individuals from minority backgrounds, the research remains mixed. The current study investigated the impact of ethnicity on treatment in reducing alcohol and marijuana use among incarcerated adolescents. Adolescents (14-19 years of age) were recruited from a state juvenile correctional facility and randomly assigned to receive MI or relaxation therapy (RT) (N=147; 48 White, 51 Hispanic, and 48 African American; 126 male; 21 female). Interviews were conducted at admission to the facility and 3 months after release. Results suggest that the effects of MI on treatment outcomes are moderated by ethnicity. Hispanic adolescents who received MI significantly decreased total number of drinks on heavy drinking days (NDHD) and percentage of heavy drinking days (PHDD) as compared to Hispanic adolescents who received RT. These findings suggest that MI is an efficacious treatment for an ethnic minority juvenile justice-involved population in need of evidence-based treatments.; Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 45(4) : 370-375
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative Interventions (CAM)
, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy, Relaxation
Thomas, Roger E., Lorenzetti, Diane L., Spragins, Wendy
Background: Use of alcohol and illicit drugs by adolescents is an important problem worldwide.; Objective: To undertake a systematic review of mentoring in preventing/reducing adolescents' alcohol and drug use.; Data Sources: We searched 8 multidisciplinary electronic databases, the gray literature, and reference lists of included studies.; Study Eligibility Criteria, Participants, and Interventions: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of mentoring in adolescents to prevent/reduce alcohol or drug use.; Results: Six RCTs were included in this review. Four RCTs provided evidence on mentoring and alcohol use. The 2 that could be pooled showed less alcohol use by mentored youth. Six RCTs on mentoring and drug use were identified, 2 of which provided some evidence of the effect of mentoring in reducing drug use.; Limitations: Only 1 RCT was at low risk of bias for randomization. None of the studies stated they concealed allocation. Of the 6 included studies, 1 was at high risk and 5 at unclear risk for attrition.; Conclusions and Implications Of Key Findings: Four RCTs provided evidence on mentoring and alcohol use, and the 2 that could be pooled showed less use by mentored youth. The 6 RCTs that provided evidence on drug use could not be pooled. Two did provide some evidence that mentoring is associated with less drug use. Very few well-designed studies evaluate the effects of mentoring on adolescent drug and alcohol use.; Copyright © 2013 Academic Pediatric Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Academic Pediatrics, 13(4) : 292-299
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Tanner-Smith, Emily E., Jo-Wilson, Sandra, Lipsey, Mark W.
Meta-analysis was used to synthesize research on the effects of outpatient treatment on substance use outcomes for adolescents with substance use disorders. An extensive literature search located 45 eligible experimental or quasi-experimental studies reporting 73 treatment - comparison group pairs, with many of the comparison groups also receiving some treatment. The first analysis examined 250 effect sizes for the substance use outcomes of adolescents receiving different types of treatment relative to the respective comparison groups. As a category, family therapy programs were found to be more effective than their comparison conditions, whereas no treatment programs were less effective. However, not all treatment types were compared with each other in the available research, making it difficult to assess the comparative effectiveness of the different treatments. To provide a more differentiated picture of the relative improvement in substance use outcomes for different treatments, a second analysis examined 311 pre - post effect sizes measuring changes in substance use for adolescents in the separate treatment and comparison arms of the studies. The adolescents in almost all types of treatment showed reductions in substance use. The greatest improvements were found for family therapy and mixed and group counseling. Longer treatment duration was associated with smaller improvements, but other treatment characteristics and participant characteristics had little relationship to the pre - post changes in substance use. Based on these findings family therapy is the treatment with the strongest evidence of comparative effectiveness, although most types of treatment appear to be beneficial in helping adolescents reduce their substance use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved). (journal abstract)
Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 44(2) : 145-158
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
Santis, R., Hidalgo, C. G., Jaramillo, A., Hayden, V., Armijo, I., Lasagna, A.
Only a small fraction of drug users worldwide enter treatment each year. We evaluated the efficacy of a systemic family outreach intervention (SFOI) for young, untreated drug users, using a quasi-experimental design in which the experimental group (EG) received SFOI and the control group (CG) received traditional outreach work (OW). Both pre- and post-treatment, we administered the Addiction Severity Index-6 (ASI-6), the Family Environment Scale (FES), and tests of parental practices and risky behavior. Post-treatment, there was a fivefold improvement on the ASI-6 and a significant worsening on the conflict sub-scale of the FES in the EG as compared with the CG. SFOI was more efficacious than OW in reducing drug use in the drug user's home environment. The increased conflict in the EG might be explained by parents' increased awareness of abnormal behaviors and implementation of strategies to protect their children. (copyright) 2013 Elsevier Inc.
Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 44(1) : 61-70
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Family therapy
Spoth, Richard, Redmond, Cleve, Shin, Chungyeol, Greenberg, Mark, Feinberg, Mark, Schainker, Lisa
Objective: To examine the effects of a delivery system for evidence-based preventive interventions through 12th grade, 6.5 years past baseline. Method: A cohort sequential design included 28 public school districts randomly assigned to the partnership delivery system or usual-programming conditions. At baseline, 11,960 students participated. Partnerships supported community teams that implemented a family-focused intervention in 6th grade and a school-based intervention in 7th grade. Outcome measures included lifetime, current misuse, and frequencies of misuse, for a range of substances. Intent-to-treat, multilevel analyses of covariance of point-in-time misuse and analyses of growth in misuse were conducted. Results: Results showed significantly lower substance misuse in the intervention group at one or both time points for most outcomes, with relative reduction rates of up to 31.4%. There was significantly slower growth in misuse in the intervention group for 8 of the 10 outcomes. In addition, risk moderation results indicated that there were significantly greater intervention benefits for higher- versus lower-risk youth, for the misuse of 6 of the 10 substances at 11th grade, illicit substances at 12th grade, and growth in the misuse of illicit substances. Conclusion: Partnership-based delivery systems for brief universal interventions have potential for public health impact by reducing substance misuse among youth, particularly higher-risk youth. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved). (journal abstract)
Preventive Medicine, 56(3-4) : 190-196
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Other service delivery and improvement interventions
Spoth, Richard, Trudeau, Linda, Shin, Chungyeol, Ralston, Ekaterina, Redmond, Cleve, Greenberg, Mark, Feinberg, Mark
Objectives: We examined long-term prescription drug misuse outcomes in 3 randomized controlled trials evaluating brief universal preventive interventions conducted during middle school.; Methods: In 3 studies, we tested the Iowa Strengthening Families Program (ISFP); evaluated a revised ISFP, the Strengthening Families Program: For Parents and Youth 10-14 plus the school-based Life Skills Training (SFP 10-14 + LST); and examined the SFP 10-14 plus 1 of 3 school-based interventions. Self-reported outcomes were prescription opioid misuse (POM) and lifetime prescription drug misuse overall (PDMO).; Results: In study 1, ISFP showed significant effects on POM and PDMO, relative reduction rates (RRRs; age 25 years) of 65%, and comparable benefits for higher- and lower-risk subgroups. In study 2, SFP 10-14 + LST showed significant or marginally significant effects on POM and PDMO across all ages (21, 22, and 25 years); higher-risk participants showed stronger effects (RRRs = 32%-79%). In study 3, we found significant results for POM and PDMO (12th grade RRRs = 20%-21%); higher-risk and lower-risk participants showed comparable outcomes.; Conclusions: Brief universal interventions have potential for public health impact by reducing prescription drug misuse among adolescents and young adults.;
American Journal of Public Health, 103(4) : 665-672
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Slesnick, Natasha, Erdem, Gizem, Bartle-Haring, Suzanne, Brigham, Gregory S.
Objectives: To examine the efficacy of 3 theoretically distinct interventions among substance-abusing runaway adolescents and to explore individual differences in trajectories of change.; Method: Adolescents (N = 179) between the ages of 12 and 17 were recruited from a runaway shelter in a midwestern city. The sample included 94 females (52.5%) and 85 males (47.5%); the majority of the adolescents were African American (n = 118, 65.9%). Adolescents were randomly assigned to the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA, n = 57), Motivational Interviewing (MI, n = 61), or Ecologically-Based Family Therapy (EBFT, n = 61). Substance use was assessed at baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months via Form 90 and urine screens.; Results: Hierarchical linear modeling revealed statistically significant improvement in frequency of substance use among runaways in all 3 treatment groups, with a slight increase at posttreatment. Latent trajectory profile analysis explored individual differences in change trajectories and yielded a 3-class model. The majority of adolescents (n = 136, 76%) showed reductions in substance use over time, with a slight increase at follow-up (Class 1: Decreasing). Twenty-four (13.4%) adolescents had shown high levels of substance use over time with patterns of increase and decrease (Class 2: Fluctuating high users), and 19 (10.6%) decreased but returned to baseline levels by 2 years postbaseline (Class 3: U shaped). Few differences among treatment conditions were noted; within the "decreasing" group, adolescents in MI treatment showed a quicker decline in their substance use but a faster relapse compared with those receiving EBFT.; Conclusions: These findings suggest that CRA, EBFT, and MI are viable treatments for runaway substance-abusing adolescents.; PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved.
Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 81(4) : 600-614
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Family therapy, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy
Shek, D. T. L., Yu, L.
The present study investigated the longitudinal impact of the Project PATHS, a large-scale curriculum-based positive youth development program in Hong Kong, on the development of adolescents' risk behavior over a period of five years. Using a longitudinal randomized controlled design, eight waves of data were collected from 19 experimental schools in which students participated in the Project PATHS (N=2,850 at Wave 8) and 24 control schools without joining the Project PATHS (N=3,640 at Wave 8). At each wave, students responded to measures assessing their current risk behaviors, including delinquency, use of different types of drug, and their intentions of participating in risk behaviors in the future. Results demonstrated that adolescents receiving the program exhibited significantly slower increases in delinquent behaviors and substance use as compared to the control participants. During two years after the completion of the program, differences in youth risk behaviors in the two groups still existed. These results suggest that the Project PATHS has long-term effect in preventing adolescent problem behavior through promoting positive youth development. (copyright) 2012 Daniel T. L. Shek and Lu Yu.
Scientific World Journal, 2012 :
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Spoth, Richard L., Trudeau, Linda S., Guyll, Max, Shin, Chungyeol
Purpose: An earlier randomized controlled study found that a universal, family-focused preventive intervention produced protective shield effects - reduced adolescent exposures to illicit substance opportunities - among adolescents in grade 12. This study examined a follow-up assessment of the sample during young adulthood. Methods: A randomized controlled trial evaluated the Iowa Strengthening Families Program that was implemented in 22 rural schools (N = 446 families) when the participants were in grade six. Measures included adolescent exposure to illicit substance use and young adult lifetime substance use (age 21; N = 331). Growth curve modeling examined indirect intervention effects through growth factors of adolescent exposure. Results: Findings from this study confirm protective shield effects that mediate long-term reduction of illicit substance use (β = −.14, p = .02, Relative Reduction Rate = 28.2%). Conclusions: The benefits of decreasing exposure to substance use during adolescence through universal interventions were supported, with positive effects extending into young adulthood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
Journal of Adolescent Health, 50(4) : 414-417
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions