Disorders - Eating Disorders
Wilksch, Simon M., Tiggemann, Marika, Wade, Tracey D.
OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of the current study was to examine the efficacy of single media literacy lessons in reducing media internalization in young adolescents. METHOD: Eleven classes of 237 students (100 girls and 137 boys; mean age = 13.79 years, SD = .42) randomly received 1 of 6 lessons. Eating disorder risk factors were assessed at baseline, and the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) was used to assess media internalization postintervention. RESULTS: At postintervention, boys had significantly lower SATAQ-3 scores on 4 of the 5 subscales (effect sizes = .42-.71), whereas girls had significantly lower scores on 1 subscale (effect size = .54). Higher baseline levels of dietary restraint, magazines bought/read, and perceived sociocultural pressure predicted smaller reductions in boys' scores, whereas depression predicted smaller reductions in girls' scores. CONCLUSION: The current study provides support that boys be included in eating disorder prevention programs and that media literacy may represent a promising prevention approach.
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 39(5) : 385-93
- Year: 2006
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Pokrajac-Bulian, A., Zivcic-Becirevic, I., Calugi, S., Dalle Grave, R.
The main purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy of a schoolbased program of eating disorder prevention on a sample of young adolescents in Croatia. The program was designed to reduce dietary restraint and preoccupation with shape and weight. One hundred and thirty-nine students (69 boys and 70 girls; mean age 12.8 years) were evaluated; 75 participated in the program (experimental group) and 64 formed the control group. Outcome measures included eating disorder attitudes, dieting behavior, selfesteem, and knowledge of the topics covered by the program. Outcome measures were evaluated one week before the intervention, one week afterwards, and during a follow-up of 6 months. The program significantly reduced eating disorder attitudes and dieting behavior, and improved knowledge in the female experimental group. A significant and positive effect on eating disorders attitude and knowledge, but not on dietary habits, was noticed in the male experimental group. No significant effects were observed in the control group. The findings of this prevention program give encouraging results and should be evaluated in further studies on larger samples.
Eating & Weight Disorders, 11(4) : 171-8
- Year: 2006
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Other Psychological Interventions
Gollings, E., Paxton, S. J.
Increased access to therapy for body dissatisfaction and disordered eating is required. This pilot study compared a group intervention delivered face-to-face or synchronously over the Internet. Women with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating were randomly assigned to a face-to-face (N = 19) or Internet (N = 21) group. Body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, and psychological variables were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and two months follow-up. Significant improvements on all outcome variables were observed and maintained at follow-up in both groups. There were no significant differences between delivery modes. This program shows promise, and the Internet mode of delivery has potential to overcome geographical distance. Copyright copyright 2005 Taylor & Francis.
Eating Disorders., 14(1) : 1-15
- Year: 2006
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
, Technology, comparing delivery mode (e.g. online vs. face-to-face)
Frayne, A., Wade, T. D.
Written emotional expression using Permebaker's paradigm has been shown to produce significant improvements in health and psychological functioning in student groups and some clinical groups. This paradigm has not been examined with respect to disordered eating or its associated psychopathology. The current study examined 98 female university students (mean age = 22.75 years, SD = 8.31) who were randomly assigned to either an emotional expression writing condition relating to past trauma, or a control writing condition that focused on future planning. The students repeated the writing task on three occasions in 1 week. All measures were completed at baseline and 10-week follow-up; measures of distress were additionally completed after each occasion of writing. A significant two-way interaction was found for ineffectiveness and disordered eating showing both variables to decrease in the planning compared to the emotional expression condition over time. A significant three-way interaction for externalised self-perception showed different levels of denial coping affected the helpfulness of both writing paradigms. Investigation of a variety of forms of structured therapeutic writing is advocated with clinical eating disorder populations. Copyright copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
European Eating Disorders Review., 14(5) : 329-340
- Year: 2006
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative Interventions (CAM)
, Creative expression: music, dance, drama, art
Cororve Fingeret, Michelle, Warren, Cortney S., Cepeda-Benito, Antonio, Gleaves, David H.
Eating disorder prevention programs have yielded mixed results and are somewhat controversial, primarily because of claims they may produce iatrogenic effects. We used meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of eating disorder prevention programs and investigate moderators of intervention effects. Overall, prevention programs had large effects on improving knowledge and small net effects on reducing maladaptive eating attitudes and behaviors. Studies targeting participants at a relatively higher risk for developing an eating disorder produced greater benefits. Concerns about iatrogenic effects of including psychoeducational material on eating disorders were not supported by the data. These findings challenge conclusions drawn in previous review articles regarding the ineffectiveness of prevention programs and support the ability of eating disorder prevention programs to demonstrate behavioral improvements.
Brunner-Mazel Eating Disorders Monograph Series, 14(3) : 191-213
- Year: 2006
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
Becker, C. B., Smith, L. M., Ciao, A. C.
The authors investigated the effectiveness of 2 interventions in reducing eating disorder risk factors under naturalistic conditions in sororities. On the basis of previous research, the campus sororities chose to implement a semimandatory, 2-session eating disorder prevention program to all new sorority members (N = 90) during sorority orientation. To facilitate evaluation, sororities agreed to random assignment of new members to either a cognitive dissonance or a media advocacy intervention. Undergraduate peer facilitators ran the groups. Although both interventions had an effect, cognitive dissonance generally was superior at 8-month follow-up. Results further support the utility of cognitive dissonance in reducing eating disorder risk factors and suggest that nondoctoral-level leaders can deliver the program. Results also indicate that a semimandatory format does not reduce effectiveness. Copyright 2006 by the American Psychological Association.
Journal of Counseling Psychology., 53(4) : 550-555
- Year: 2006
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions, Cognitive dissonance therapy
Becker, C. B., Smith, L. M., Ciao, A. C.
Although sororities are often perceived as contributing to eating-disordered behavior, limited research has investigated eating disorders in sorority members. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of a highly interactive cognitive dissonance prevention program in reducing empirically supported risk factors in sorority members. Members (N = 149) were randomized to the highly interactive intervention, a more passive intervention, or wait-list. Results indicated that both interventions reduced dietary restraint, body dissatisfaction, and eating disorder pathology. Only the highly interactive group reduced thin-ideal internalization as compared to wait-list. Exploratory analyses also indicated that interventions were beneficial to both lower- and higher-risk members. Taken together, results suggest that sororities are a viable population to target in the prevention of eating disorders. copyright 2005 the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy. All rights reserved.
Behavior Therapy., 36(3) : 245-253
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions, Cognitive dissonance therapy
Austin, S. Bryn, Field, Alison E., Wiecha, Jean, Peterson, Karen E., Gortmaker, Steven L.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of an obesity prevention intervention on use of self-induced vomiting/laxatives (purging) and diet pills to control weight in girls in early adolescence. DESIGN: We matched and randomly assigned 10 middle schools to an intervention or a control condition in a randomized controlled trial. Longitudinal multivariable analyses using generalized estimating equations were conducted with data from 480 girls to examine the effects of the intervention on the risk of reporting a new case of purging or diet pill use to control weight at follow-up 21 months later, while controlling for ethnicity and school matched pairs. Girls who reported purging or using diet pills at baseline were excluded from analyses. SETTING: Middle schools. PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred eighty girls in early adolescence aged 10 to 14 years (mean age, 11.5 years). INTERVENTION: The Planet Health obesity prevention program was implemented during 2 school years and was designed to promote healthful nutrition and physical activity and to reduce television viewing. OUTCOME: Reduced risk of using self-induced vomiting/laxatives or diet pills to control weight in the past 30 days. RESULTS: After the intervention, we found 14 (6.2%) of 226 girls in control schools and 7 (2.8%) of 254 girls in intervention schools reported purging or using diet pills to control their weight (P = .003). In a multivariable generalized estimating equation model, girls in intervention schools were less than half as likely to report purging or using diet pills at follow-up compared with girls in control schools (odds ratio, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.22-0.75). CONCLUSION: These findings provide promising evidence that school-based interventions may effectively integrate prevention of both obesity and disordered weight-control behaviors.
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 159(3) : 225-30
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative Interventions (CAM)
, Dietary advice, dietary change
Ghaderi, A., Martensson, M., Schwan, H.
The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy and effectiveness of the primary prevention program "Everybody's Different" among fifth grade school children. Pre and post measurements were made in both the intervention and control groups regarding body image, weight concern, emotional well-being, attitudes and behaviors associated with disordered eating, self-esteem, anxiety, and depression. The study did not result in any significant improvements regarding self-esteem, eating attitudes, or body image. The prevention program does not seem to be effective for children in grade five in its present form. Further research on and development of primary prevention programs is needded. Copyright copyright 2005 Taylor & Francis.
Eating Disorders., 13(3) : 245-259
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Green, Melinda, Scott, Norman, Diyankova, Irina, Gasser, Courtney, Pederson, Erin
The purpose of this experiment was to provide an empirical comparison of two dissonance-based eating disorder prevention paradigms and a no-treatment control condition. Asymptomatic and symptomatic participants (N = 155) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: high level dissonance, low level dissonance, or no-treatment control. Group x symptomatic status interactions, main effects, and pairwise comparisons were examined to assess differences in eating disorder attitudes and behaviors at postintervention and 4-week follow-up. Participants in the high level condition displayed fewer eating disorder attitudes and behaviors compared to participants in the low level condition at postintervention. Eating disorder attitudes and behaviors were not significantly lower among participants in either intervention condition compared to no-treatment control participants. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Eating Disorders, 13(2) : 157-169
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive dissonance therapy
Franko, D. L., Villapiano, M., Davidson, M. M., Hamilton, E., Mintz, L. B., Green, T. C., Mainelli, D., Folensbee, L., Butler, S. F., Little, D., Kearns, M., Budman, S. H.
Food, Mood, and Attitude (FMA) is a CD-ROM prevention program developed to decrease risk for eating disorders in college women. Female 1st-year students (N = 240) were randomly assigned to the intervention (FMA) or control group. Equal numbers of students at risk and of low risk for developing an eating disorder were assigned to each condition. Participants in the FMA condition improved on all measures relative to controls. Significant 3-way interactions (Time X Condition X Risk Status) were found on measures of internalization of sociocultural attitudes about thinness, shape concerns, and weight concerns, indicating that at-risk participants in the intervention group improved to a greater extent than did low-risk participants. At follow-up, significantly fewer women in the FMA group reported overeating and excessive exercise relative to controls. Copyright 2005 by the American Psychological Association.
Health Psychology., 24(6) : 567-578
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Kong, Seongsook
AIM: This paper reports a randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of day treatment programmes for patients with eating disorders with those of traditional outpatient treatment. BACKGROUND: Eating disorders are common, especially in adolescents, and their worldwide prevalence is increasing. Treatment interventions for patients with eating disorders have traditionally been offered on an outpatient or inpatient basis, but the recent introduction of day hospital programmes offers the possibility of greater cost-effectiveness and relapse-prevention for this population. METHODS: Volunteers from an outpatient clinic for eating disorders were randomly assigned either to a treatment group (n = 21), participating in a modified day treatment programme based on the Toronto Day Hospital Program, or to a control group (n = 22) receiving a traditional outpatient programme of interpersonal psychotherapy, cognitive behaviour therapy and pharmacotherapy. Data were collected from January to December 2002 using the Eating Disorder Examination, Eating Disorder Inventory-2, Beck Depression Inventory, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. RESULTS: Participants in the day treatment programme showed significantly greater improvements on most psychological symptoms of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, frequency of binging and purging, body mass index, depression and self-esteem scores than the control group. They also showed significant improvement in perfectionism, but the group difference was not significant. CONCLUSION: Nurses in day treatment programmes can play various and important roles establishing a therapeutic alliance between patient and carer in the initial period of treatment. In addition, the cognitive and behavioural work that is vital to a patient's recovery, that is, dealing with food issues, weight issues and self-esteem, is most effectively provided by a nurse therapist who maintains an empathic involvement with the patient.
Journal of Advanced Nursing, 51(1) : 5-14
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
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Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Other service delivery and improvement interventions