Disorders - Eating Disorders
Weiss, K., Wertheim, E. H.
A prevention program for disordered eating was evaluated. Grade 9 girls (N = 173) were assigned to a prevention intervention (n = 114) or a no-treatment control group (n = 59). High-risk, but not low-risk, girls reported significant improvements in body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, and interoceptive awareness at post-intervention. These changes were not maintained at three-month follow-up, although nonsignificant trends were still apparent for high-risk girls. Individual session analyses indicated that the program was rated positively overall. The importance of assessing effects of programs on different recipient types is discussed. Copyright copyright 2005 Taylor & Francis.
Eating Disorders., 13(2) : 143-156
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation
Stice, Eric, Shaw, Heather
This meta-analysis of eating disorder prevention programs found that intervention effects ranged from an absence of any effects to reductions in current and future eating pathology. Certain effects persisted as long as 2 years and were superior to minimal-intervention control conditions. Larger effects occurred for selected (vs. universal), interactive (vs. didactic), and multisession (vs. single session) programs; for programs offered solely to females and to participants over age 15; for programs without psychoeducational content; and for trials that used validated measures. The results identify promising prevention programs and delineate sample, format, and design features that are associated with larger effects, but they suggest the need for improved methodological rigor and statistical modeling of trials and enhanced theoretical rationale for interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Psychological Bulletin, 130(2) : 206-227
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
Zabinski, Marion F., Wilfley, Denise E., Calfas, Karen J., Winzelberg, Andrew J., Taylor, C. Barr
This study evaluated a synchronous Internet-delivered intervention (chat room) for improving eating habits and body image in college-age women at risk for developing an eating disorder. Sixty at-risk women (mean age = 18.9, SD = 2.4; 65.0% Caucasian, 19% Latino/Hispanic, 8% Asian/Pacific Islander, 3% African American, 5% other; mean body mass index = 25.6, SD = 5.7) were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 30) or control (n = 30) groups. Once a week for 8 weeks, participants used a private chat room for a 1-hr moderated discussion focused on improving body image and eating behaviors. Additional treatment components included psychoeducation, asynchronous support, homework, and summaries. Assessments were conducted at baseline, posttreatment, and 10 weeks after posttreatment. Participants indicated high satisfaction with the intervention mode. Intervention participants significantly reduced eating pathology and improved self-esteem over controls at follow-up. These findings suggest that synchronous, Internet-delivered programs are efficacious and have potential to reduce problematic attitudes and behaviors that may lead to eating disorders among college-age women.
Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 72(5) : 914-9
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Matusek, Jill Anne, Wendt, Sally J., Wiseman, Claire V.
Objective: Negative body image, a common problem among college-age women in the United States, strongly correlates with low self-esteem, disturbed eating behavior, and eating disorders. Psychoeducational programs have inconsistently shown improvement in body image, thin-ideal internalization, eating behaviors, psychosocial functioning, and self-esteem. Method: In the current study, college women with body image concerns (N=84) were randomly assigned to a cognitive dissonance-based, thin-ideal internalization, single-session workshop (DTI; n=26); a psychoeducational, healthy behavior, single-session workshop (HB; n=24); or a wait-list control (WL; n=34). Results: Comparing baseline data with 4-week follow-up data, results indicated that both DTI and HB participants reported improvement in body image, thin-ideal internalization, and eating behaviors. Discussion: Results provide evidence that both interventions effectively reduce risk factors for eating pathology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 36(4) : 376-388
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Cognitive dissonance therapy
Abascal, Liana, Brown, Jennifer Bruning, Winzelberg, Andrew J., Dev, Parvati, Taylor, C.
This study examined a step toward providing a universal prevention program to all students while targeting those at risk. Seventy-eight 10th-grade female students were provided an on-line eating disorder prevention program and randomized to participate in (1) a higher risk and higher motivated group, (2) a lower risk or lower motivated group, or (3) a combined group. The students in the first group made significantly fewer negative and more positive comments in the on-line group discussion than the higher risk and higher motivated participants in the combined group. However, there were no differences among groups on outcome measures. The results suggest that, because it is relatively easy to provide interventions with separate groups, it seems appropriate to do so, if for no other reason than to minimize the few very negative comments that were posted by students that might have created an adverse environment for the higher risk-participants that the intervention specifically targets. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 35(1) : 1-9
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Self-help
, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
McVey, Gail L., Davis, Ron, Tweed, Stacey, Shaw, Brian F.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a life-skills promotion program designed to improve body image satisfaction and global self-esteem, while reducing negative eating attitudes and behaviors and feelings of perfectionism, all of which have been identified as predisposing factors to disordered eating. METHOD: A total of 258 girls with a mean age of 11.8 years (intervention group = 182 and control group = 76) completed questionnaires before, and 1 week after, the six-session school-based program, and again 6 and 12 months later. RESULTS: The intervention was successful in improving body image satisfaction and global self-esteem and in reducing dieting attitude scores at post intervention only. The gains were not maintained at the 12-month follow-up. DISCUSSION: The need to assess the influence of health promotion programs on predisposing risk factors, compared with problem-based outcome measures, is discussed. Copyright 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 36(1) : 1-11
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Skills training, Other Psychological Interventions
Withers, G. F., Wertheim, E. H.
This study applied principles from the Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion to the prevention of disordered eating. Early adolescent girls watched either a preventive videotape only (n = 114) or video plus post-video activity (verbal discussion, written exercises, or control discussion) (n = 187); or had no intervention (n = 104). Significantly more body image and knowledge improvements occurred at post video and follow-up in the intervention groups compared to no intervention. There were no outcome differences among intervention groups, or between girls with high or low elaboration likelihood. Further research is needed in integrating the videotape into a broader prevention package. Copyright copyright Taylor & Francis Inc.
Eating Disorders., 12(2) : 103-124
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Elliot, Diane L., Goldberg, Linn, Moe, Esther L., Defrancesco, Carol A., Durham, Melissa B., Hix-Small, Hollie
OBJECTIVES: To implement and to assess the efficacy of a school-based, sport team-centered program to prevent young female high school athletes' disordered eating and body-shaping drug use. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective controlled trial in 18 high schools, with balanced random assignment by school to the intervention and usual-care control conditions. PARTICIPANTS: We enrolled 928 students from 40 participating sport teams. Mean age was 15.4 years, 92.2% were white, and follow-up retention was 72%. INTERVENTION: The ATHENA (Athletes Targeting Healthy Exercise and Nutrition Alternative) curriculum's 8 weekly 45-minute sessions were incorporated into a team's usual practice activities. Content was gender-specific, peer-led, and explicitly scripted. Topics included healthy sport nutrition, effective exercise training, drug use and other unhealthy behaviors' effects on sport performance, media images of females, and depression prevention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We assessed participants by confidential questionnaire prior to and following their sport season. We determined program effects using an analysis of covariance-based approach within the Generalized Estimating Equation framework. RESULTS: Experimental athletes reported significantly less ongoing and new use of diet pills and less new use of athletic-enhancing substances (amphetamines, anabolic steroids, and sport supplements) (P<.05 for each). Other health-harming actions also were reduced (less riding with an alcohol-consuming driver [P = .05], more seat belt use [P<.05], and less new sexual activity [P<.05]). The ATHENA athletes had coincident positive changes in strength-training self-efficacy (P<.005) and healthy eating behaviors (P<.001). Reductions occurred in intentions toward future use of diet pills (P<.05), vomiting to lose weight (P<.05), and use of tobacco (P<.05) and muscle-building supplements (P<.005). The program's curriculum components were altered appropriately (controlling mood [P<.005], refusal skills [P = .05], belief in the media [P<.005], and perceptions of closest friends' body-shaping drug use [P<.001]). CONCLUSIONS: Sport teams are effective natural vehicles for gender-specific, peer-led curricula to promote healthy lifestyles and to deter disordered eating, athletic-enhancing substance use, and other health-harming behaviors.
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 158(11) : 1043-9
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative Interventions (CAM)
, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Dietary advice, dietary change
Bruning Brown, J., Winzelberg, A. J., Abascal, L. B., Taylor, C. B.
Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of Student Bodies, an Internet-delivered eating disorder prevention program for adolescents, and a supplemental program for their parents. Methods One hundred fifty-two 10th grade females completing a health course at a private sectarian school, and 69 of their parents were assigned to either the Internet-delivered intervention group or to a comparison group (students) or wait-list control group (parents). Student participants completed subscales of the Eating Disorder Inventory, Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire, and a content knowledge test. Parents completed the Parental Attitudes and Criticism Scale. Results The main effects of the intervention were assessed pre- to post- and post- to follow-up using ANCOVA, with the baseline assessment of the independent variable as the covariate. Students using the program reported significantly reduced eating restraint and had significantly greater increases in knowledge than did students in the comparison group. However, there were no significant differences at follow-up. Parents significantly decreased their overall critical attitudes toward weight and shape. Conclusion The program demonstrates the feasibility of providing an integrated program for students and their parents with short-term positive changes in parental attitudes toward weight and shape. copyright Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2004.
Journal of Adolescent Health., 35(4) : 290-296
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Self-help
, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Wade, Tracey D., Davidson, Susan, O'Dea, Jennifer A.
Objective: This study compared the efficacy of a media literacy program and a self-esteem program designed to reduce general and specific risk factors for eating disorders. Method: Four classes of 86 grade 8 students (53 boys and 33 girls), mean age of 13 years, were randomly assigned to either a control condition or one of the two intervention conditions. Assessment of general and specific risk factors was carried out at baseline, postintervention and 3-month follow-up. Results: At postintervention the media literacy group had lower mean scores on weight concern than the control group but the self-esteem group did not. There were some differences on self-esteem measures at the 3-month follow-up. Discussion: Media literacy programs combined with an interactive, student-centered framework may potentially be a safe and effective way of reducing risk factors for eating disorders. The impact of teaching style needs to be further evaluated in prevention research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 33(4) : 371-383
- Year: 2003
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
McVey, G. L., Lieberman, M., Voorberg, N., Wardrope, D., Blackmore, E., Tweed, S.
The evaluation of a school-based peer support group previously shown to improve body esteem and global self-esteem and reduce dieting in young adolescent girls was replicated in the present study. A total of 282 girls in grades 7 and 8, 196 of whom were in the control group, completed self-report questionnaires immediately before and after the life skills intervention, and 3 months later. Contrary to the findings reported in the original study, participation in the 10-session peer support group did not lead to improvements in body esteem or eating attitudes and behaviors beyond what was experienced by the control group. Interestingly, participants of the current intervention group exhibited higher disordered eating scores at baseline than those participants in the original study. Implications for matching prevention curriculum with the developmental and symptom levels of students are discussed.
Eating Disorders., 11(3) : 187-195
- Year: 2003
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Skills training, Other Psychological Interventions
McVey, G. L., Lieberman, M., Voorberg, N., Wardrope, D., Blackmore, E.
The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based peer support group designed to improve body esteem and global self-esteem and to reduce negative eating attitudes and behaviors. A total of 214 girls in grades 7 and 8, 115 of whom were in the control group, completed self-report questionnaires immediately before and following the intervention, and three months later. The findings revealed that participation in the 10-session group, facilitated by public health nurses, led to increases in weight-related esteem and decreases in dieting. The role of peer support groups in the prevention of disordered eating is discussed.
Eating Disorders., 11(3) : 169-185
- Year: 2003
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions