Disorders - Eating Disorders
Stice, Eric, Trost, Ariel, Chase, Allison
Developed and evaluated 2 interventions for populations at risk for eating disorders: a healthy weight control intervention and a dissonance-based intervention. 148 13-20 yr old females with body image concerns were randomized to 1 of these interventions or to a wait list control group. Participants completed baseline, termination, and 1, 3, and 6-mo followup surveys. Results show that participants in both interventions reported decreased thin-ideal internalization, negative affect, and bulimic symptoms at termination and follow-up relative to controls. However, no effects were observed for body dissatisfaction or dieting and effects diminished over time. It is concluded that results provide evidence that both interventions effectively reduce bulimic pathology and risk factors for eating disturbances. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 33(1) : 10-21
- Year: 2003
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative Interventions (CAM)
, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive dissonance therapy, Dietary advice, dietary change
Stice, E., Ragan, J.
Objective: Because conventional preventive interventions have had little success in reducing eating pathology, we developed and evaluated a more intensive psychoeducational intervention. Method: Female college students who underwent this intervention and a matched control sample of students (N = 66) completed pretest and posttest surveys. Results: Intervention participants showed significant decreases in thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, dieting, eating disorder symptoms, and weight over the 4-month study period, whereas matched control participants did not show changes in these outcomes with the exception that they gained weight. Discussion: These preliminary findings suggest that this intervention may prove useful in reducing eating disturbances and overweight among college students, as well as the risk factors for this serious mental and physical health problem. copyright 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
International Journal of Eating Disorders., 31(2) : 159-171
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation
Mutterperl, J. A., Sanderson, C. A.
The authors examine the effectiveness of norm misperception education in decreasing disordered eating. One hundred seven 1st-year college women completed questionnaires assessing their own and others' actual and ideal body size as well as their own disordered eating and were then randomly assigned to read either a norm misperception or a control brochure. Participants completed questionnaires immediately after reading the brochures and again 3 months later. Although there were no main effects of brochure condition at the follow-up, participants who primarily compared themselves with other college women and who read the norm misperception brochure had higher actual and ideal weight as well as less frequent disordered eating. The discussion focuses on the theoretical and applied implications of these findings.
Health Psychology., 21(5) : 519-523
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation
Pratt, BM., Woolfenden, S.
Background: Eating disorders represent an extremely difficult, time-consuming and costly condition to treat. Being young, female, and dieting are some of the few identified risk factors that have been reliably linked to the development of eating disorders. There is currently limited evidence in the published literature to suggest that any particular type of program is effective in preventing eating disorders and there has been concern that some interventions have the potential to cause harm.Objectives: To determine if eating disorder prevention programs for children and adolescents are effective in: (1) promoting healthy eating attitudes and behaviours; (2) promoting protective psychological factors; (3) promoting satisfactory physical health; (4) having a long-term, sustainable, and positive impact on mental and physical health; and, (5) ensuring safety in relation to possible harmful consequences on mental or physical health.Search methods: Relevant trials are identified through searching the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register (CCTR) and relevant biomedical and social science databases, as well as reference lists from articles identified through the search strategy and contact with experts in the field.Selection criteria: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a major focus on eating disorder prevention programs for children and adolescents, where there is no known DSM-IV diagnosis of an eating disorder, are eligible for inclusion in the review. Trials must include a control group and at least one objective outcome measure (e.g., BMI) or a standardised psychological measure used with the intervention and control group, pre- and post-intervention.Data collection and analysis: A total of 1016 titles have been identified through the search to date. Twenty-two studies were located that reported use of a randomised controlled trial methodology and were critically appraised by two independent reviewers. Twelve studies met the selection criteria outlined above.Main results: Combined data from two eating disorder prevention programs based on a media literacy and advocacy approach indicate a reduction in the internalisation or acceptance of societal ideals relating to appearance at a 3- to 6-month follow-up (Kusel 1999; Neumark* 2000) [SMD -0.28, -0.51 to -0.05, 95% CI]. There is insufficient evidence to support the effect of five programs designed to address eating attitudes and behaviours and other adolescent issues in the general community or those classified as being at high risk for eating disorder (Buddeberg* 1998; Dalle Grave 2001; Killen 1993; Santonastaso 1999; Zanetti 1999) and insufficient evidence to support the effect of two programs designed to improve self-esteem (O'Dea 2000; Wade 2003). Data from two didactic eating disorder awareness programs could not be pooled for analysis. There is not sufficient evidence to suggest that harm resulted from any of the prevention programs included in the review.Authors' conclusions: The one significant pooled effect in the current review does not allow for any firm conclusions to be made about the impact of prevention programs for eating disorders in children and adolescents, although none of the pooled comparisons indicated evidence of harm. The meta-analysis is in the process of being revised to account for the impact of cluster randomised trials.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2) : CD002891
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
Earnhardt, Jayme L., Martz, Denise M., Ballard, Mary E., Curtin, Lisa
Pennebaker's therapeutic writing paradigm was assessed its a brief intervention for negative body innage. Fernales were randomly assigned to write about their body image (experimental; 11 = 23) or their bedroom (controls; n = 25) for four days. Body image, eating-disordered behavior, and mood were assessed at baseline, after the 4th day of writing, and at 1-month follow-up. Despite hypotheses that experimental participants would show more improvement over time, participation in the study, regardless of condition, was related to significant improvements in body image and mood, and decreased eating-disordered behavior over time. Placebo, sensitization effects, and regression to the mean are discussed as potential explanations for this unexpected finding. Suggestions for future research are made. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 17(1) : 19-35
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative Interventions (CAM)
, Creative expression: music, dance, drama, art
Grave, Riccardo Dalle, De Luca, Loredana, Campello, Gabriele
The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new school-based eating disorder prevention program designed to reduce dietary restraint and the level of preoccupation with regard to shape and weight. 106 (61 females and 45 males) 11 to 12 yr-old students were evaluated, 55 of whom participated in the program (experimental group). An additional 51 students formed the control group. The program met for 6 sessions, 2 hrs per session. After 6 mo, the experimental group received 2 booster sessions of 2 hrs in 2 consecutive weeks. Outcome measures included the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), the children's version of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and a Knowledge Questionnaire (KQ) devised by the authors of the program. The questionnaires were administered in both the experimental and control groups, one week before the intervention, one week afterwards, and at 6-mo and 12-mo follow-ups. Unlike a previous school-based eating disorder prevention program, in the experimental group both an increase in knowledge and a decrease in some attitudes were maintained at 12-mo follow-up (Eating Concerns EDE-Q scores). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
Eating Disorders, 9(4) : 327-337
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Other Psychological Interventions
Baranowski, M. J., Hetherington, M. M.
Objective: The efficacy of an eating disorder prevention program was tested in a group of preadolescent females. Improvements in self-esteem and eating behavior were predicted relative to a control group. Method: Two interventions lasting 5 weeks were designed and then administered to two groups of preadolescent females. Self-esteem, body esteem, dietary restraint, and eating pathology were measured before, immediately, and 6 months following an eating disorders prevention program (n = 16) and a similarly designed control program (n = 13) focusing on fruit and vegetable intake. Results: Dietary restraint in both groups decreased following the interventions. Self-esteem improved in the experimental group, but this was only marginally significant. Discussion: Eating disorder prevention programs may be most effective when targeted at older, more at-risk girls. However, encouraging healthy eating in both groups of preadolescent girls reduced dietary restraint, which may be an important step in the prevention of later eating disorders. copyright 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
International Journal of Eating Disorders., 29(2) : 119-124
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative Interventions (CAM)
, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Dietary advice, dietary change
Stewart, D. A., Carter, J. C., Drinkwater, J., Hainsworth, J., Fairburn, C. G.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based eating disorder prevention program designed to reduce dietary restraint and concern about shape and weight among adolescent girls. Method: A total of 474 girls aged 13-14 years received the program as part of their normal school curriculum. An assessment-only control group included 386 pupils. Measures of eating disorder features, self-esteem, and knowledge were administered before and after the intervention and at 6-month follow-up. Results: Immediately following the intervention, there was a small reduction in dietary restraint and attitudes to shape and weight in the index group, whereas there was no change in the control group. This reduction was not maintained at 6-month follow-up although the dietary restraint scores of the index group remained lower than those of the control group. Discussion: This prevention program achieved change in eating attitudes and behavior, although the change was modest in size and not sustained. Focusing on a high-risk subgroup of dieters might be a more fruitful primary prevention strategy. copyright 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
International Journal of Eating Disorders., 29(2) : 107-118
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Other Psychological Interventions
Stice, Eric, Chase, Allison, Stormer, Susan, Appel, Anne
Developed and evaluated a dissonance-based intervention for eating disorders in high-risk populations. 87 young women (aged 17-29 yrs) with body image concerns were randomized to this intervention, which involves verbal, written, and behavioral exercises requiring them to critique the thin-ideal, or to a healthy weight management control group. Ss completed a baseline, termination, and 4-wk follow-up survey. The results show that Ss in the dissonance intervention reported decreased thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, dieting, negative affect, and bulimic symptoms at termination and at 4-wk follow-up. Unexpectedly, Ss in the healthy weight management control group also reported some benefits. It was concluded that taken in conjunction with past findings, these preliminary results suggest that the dissonance intervention, and to a lesser extent the healthy weight management intervention, may reduce bulimic pathology and risk factors for eating disturbances. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 29(3) : 247-262
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative Interventions (CAM)
, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive dissonance therapy, Dietary advice, dietary change
Rocco, P. L., Ciano, R. P., Balestrieri, M.
The aim of this report is to analyse the impact of a psychoeducational preventive programme on the eating habits of a sample of adolescent schoolgirls. Of the 112 schoolgirls attending five classes, about 86% agreed to participate in the program. Of these, 63 participants belonged to the experimental group and 33 agreed to the control group. The psychoeducational sessions were performed once a month for each of three experimental classes. The programme involved discussions on the nature of eating disorders, on epidemiological aspects and on the importance of early detection of risk factors. The tests used to evaluate the sample were the EDI-2 and the PF-16. The results showed a significant improvement in bulimic attitudes, asceticism, feelings of ineffectiveness, and maturity fears. Anxiety traits were also better managed in the experimental group. Our conclusions suggest that correct information about eating disorders can ameliorate unhealthy attitudes towards eating behaviour.
British Journal of Medical Psychology., 74(3) : 351-358
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation
Smolak, L., Levine, M. P.
As a test of a prevention effect, data were collected two years after boys and girls ages 9-11 completed ten one-hour lessons designed to improve nutrition and exercise patterns, enhance body esteem, and discourage unhealthy weight management. Body esteem, use of weight loss techniques, SATAQ scores, weight concerns, and program-related knowledge were compared among three groups of young adolescent girls and boys (N = 509; ages = 11-13): participants in the elementary school program (Smolak, Levine, & Schermer, 1998a, 1998b), control participants from the same elementary schools, and new control participants from schools not included in the original study. Compared to new controls, those adolescents who received the prevention program two years earlier were more knowledgeable, used fewer unhealthy weight management techniques, and had higher body esteem. The latter difference was particularly significant for girls. Original control participants had intermediate scores, suggesting a "spillover" effect. Scores on program-related knowledge were positively correlated with better body esteem and less frequent use of weight loss techniques, and lower SATAQ scores, particularly among the girls. Findings suggest that a curricular program using cognitive social learning and developmental principles may help prevent the development of negative body image and unhealthy weight management techniques in girls and boys as they move from late childhood to early adolescence. Important methodological implications of this study for the meaning of prevention also are discussed.
Eating Disorders., 9(4) : 313-325
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative Interventions (CAM)
, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Dietary advice, dietary change
Zabinski, M. F., Pung, M. A., Wilfley, D. E., Eppstein, D. L., Winzelberg, A. J., Celio, A., Taylor, C. B.
Objective: This controlled study evaluated whether an 8-week program offered over the Internet would significantly decrease body image dissatisfaction, disordered eating patterns, and preoccupation with shape/weight among women at high risk for developing an eating disorder. Method: Fifty-six college women were recruited on the basis of elevated scores ([greater-than or equal to]110) on the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Psychological functioning, as measured by the Eating Disorder Inventory Drive for Thinness (EDI-DT) subscale, Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q), and the BSQ, was assessed at baseline, posttreatment, and at 10-week follow-up. Results: All participants improved over time on most measures, although effect sizes suggest that the program did impact the intervention group. Discussion: Findings suggest that technological interventions may be helpful for reducing disordered eating patterns and cognitions among high-risk women. Future research is needed to assess whether such programs are effective over time for prevention of and reduction in eating disorder symptomatology. copyright 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
International Journal of Eating Disorders., 29(4) : 401-408
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Eating Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)