Disorders - Substance Use Disorders
Haaga, D. A. F., Grosswald, S., Gaylord-King, C., Rainforth, M., Tanner, M, Travis, F., Nidich, S., et-al
A randomized wait-list controlled trial (N=295 university students) of the effects of the Transcendental Meditation program was conducted in an urban setting. Substance use was assessed by self-report at baseline and 3 months later. For smoking and illicit drug use, there were no significant differences between conditions. For alcohol use, sex X intervention condition interactions were significant; TM instruction lowered drinking rates among male but not female students. TM instruction could play a valuable role in reducing alcohol use among male university students. Limitations are noted, along with suggestions for further research. Copyright (copyright) 2011 David A. F. Haaga et al.
Cardiology Research & Practice, 1(1) :
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Mindfulness based therapy
Hides, L. M., Elkins, K. S., Scaffidi, A., Cotton, S. M., Carroll, S., Lubman, D. I.
Objective: To determine whether the addition of cognitive behaviour therapy and motivational interviewing (CBT/MI) to standard alcohol and other drug (AOD) care improves outcomes for young people with comorbid depression and substance misuse. Participants and setting: Participants were young people with comorbid depression (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale score (greater-than or equal to)17) and substance misuse (mainly alcohol and/or cannabis) seeking treatment at two youth AOD services in Melbourne, Australia. The study was conducted between September 2006 and September 2008. Sixty young people received CBT/MI in addition to standard care (SC) (the SC+CBT/MI group) and 28 received SC only (the SC group). Main outcome measures: Depressive symptoms and AOD use in the previous 30 days, measured at baseline and at 3-month and 6-month follow-up. Results: Compared with participants in the SC group, those in the SC+CBT/MI group showed significant reductions in depression and cannabis use and increased social contact and motivation to change substance use at 3-month follow-up. However, at 6- month follow-up, the SC group had achieved similar improvements to the CBT/MI group on these variables. All young people achieved significant improvements in functioning and quality of life variables over time, regardless of treatment group. No changes in AOD use were found in either group at 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: The delivery of CBT/MI in addition to SC may achieve accelerated treatment gains in the short term.
Medical Journal of Australia, 195(3 SUPPL.) : S31-S37
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Depressive Disorders, Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy
Bodin, Maria, Leifman, Hakan
This report describes an independent evaluation of a psychosocial, adult-to-youth mentoring program run by the Swedish branch of the Mentor Foundation, aiming to prevent substance use in low-risk youth (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01138982). Eligible 14-year-olds (n = 128) were randomly assigned to the mentoring program or to a control condition. Baseline and 12-month follow-up measurements included self-reports on emotional, behavioral, and substance use measures from youth and their parents, and grade point average. These were retrieved from school registers at the follow-up. With alpha-levels corrected for multiple comparisons, analyses revealed no statistically significant outcome differences between the two groups. However, a relatively low statistical power and a low program dosage preclude any definite conclusions about program effectiveness. Among the 65 youth assigned to the intervention, those who met with their mentor for a full program period (n = 33, 51%) were significantly more likely than non-completers to report liking, trusting, and getting help from their mentors. The high rates of premature program terminations highlight the difficulties inherent in implementing mentoring programs under real-world conditions, and the need to strive for adherence to empirically and theoretically derived best practices when doing so. Best practices - such as using mentors with a helping professional background, an ongoing training of mentors, and close monitoring of the mentoring relationships - may be crucial for successful program implementation, and consequently also for the chances of mentoring programs to meet their goals of substance use prevention and improved life quality for the targeted youth. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
Addiction Research & Theory, 19(5) : 438-447
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Comello, Maria Leonora G., Slater, Michael D.
Behavioral willingness is conceptualized as a pathway to behavior that is non-deliberative, yet traditional measures require thoughtful deliberation to complete. This study explored non-deliberative measures of alcohol-related willingness to complement recent work on marijuana-related willingness. The study also examined whether adverts from a field-tested drug and alcohol prevention campaign may have operated by influencing alcohol-related willingness. Participants viewed campaign adverts or consumer adverts (control). Outcomes were reaction times to make speeded judgments about whether one would engage in risky alcohol-related behaviors. Results showed that campaign advertisements lowered willingness to play drinking games and (for males) to drive while intoxicated.;
Journal of Health Psychology, 16(8) : 1268-1276
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Esposito-Smythers, C., Spirito, A., Kahler, C. W., Hunt, J., Monti, P.
Objective: This study tested a cognitive-behavioral treatment protocol for adolescents with a co-occurring alcohol or other drug use disorder (AOD) and suicidality in a randomized clinical trial. Method: Forty adolescents (M age = 15 years; 68 female, 89 White) and their families recruited from an inpatient psychiatric hospital were randomly assigned to an integrated outpatient cognitive-behavioral intervention for co-occurring AOD and suicidality (I-CBT) or enhanced treatment as usual (E-TAU). Primary measures include the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children, Suicide Ideation Questionnaire, Columbia Impairment Scale, Timeline Followback, Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index, and Rutgers Marijuana Problem Index. Assessments were completed at pretreatment as well as 3, 6, 12, and 18 months postenrollment. Results: In intent-to-treat analyses, I-CBT was associated with significantly fewer heavy drinking days and days of marijuana use relative to E-TAU but not with fewer drinking days. Those randomized to I-CBT in comparison to E-TAU also reported significantly less global impairment as well as fewer suicide attempts, inpatient psychiatric hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and arrests. Adolescents across groups showed equivalent reductions in suicidal ideation. Conclusions: I-CBT for adolescents with co-occurring AOD and suicidality is associated with significant improvement in both substance use and suicidal behavior, as well as markedly decreased use of additional health services including inpatient psychiatric hospitalizations and emergency department visits. Further testing of integrated protocols for adolescent AOD and suicidality with larger and more diverse samples is warranted. (copyright) 2011 American Psychological Association.
Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 79(6) : 728-739
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
, Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Balaji, M., Andrews, T., Andrew, G., Patel, V.
Purpose To evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of a population-based intervention to promote health of youth (age: 1624 years) in Goa. Methods Two pairs of urban and rural communities were selected; one of each was randomly assigned to receive a multi-component intervention and the other wait-listed. The intervention comprised educational institution-based peer education and teacher training (in the urban community), community peer education, and health information materials. Effectiveness was assessed through beforeafter population surveys at baseline and at 18 months. Outcomes were measured using a structured interview schedule with all eligible youth. Logistic regression compared each pair, adjusted for baseline differences, on prevalence of outcomes in the domains of reproductive and sexual health (RSH), violence, mental health, substance use, and help seeking for health concerns. Results In both intervention communities, prevalence of violence perpetrated and probable depression was significantly lower and knowledge and attitudes about RSH significantly higher (p < .05). The rural sample also reported fewer menstrual complaints and higher levels of help-seeking for RSH complaints by women, and knowledge and attitudes about emotional health and substance use; and, the urban sample reported significantly lower levels of substance use, suicidal behavior, sexual abuse, and RSH complaints. Although information materials were acceptable and feasible in both communities, community peer education was feasible only in the rural community. The institution-based interventions were generally acceptable and feasible. Conclusions Multicomponent interventions comprising information materials, educational-institution interventions and, in rural contexts, community peer interventions are acceptable and feasible and likely to be effective for youth health promotion. (copyright) 2011 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine.
Journal of Adolescent Health, 48(5) : 453-460
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders, Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
, Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Other Psychological Interventions
Caria, M. P., Faggiano, F., Bellocco, R., Galanti, M. R.
Purpose: School-based substance abuse prevention programs are widespread but are rarely evaluated in Europe. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a new school-based prevention program against substance use on the frequency of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problem behaviors among European students. Methods: During the school year 20042005, a total of 7,079 students aged 1214 years from 143 schools in seven European countries participated in this cluster randomized controlled trial. Schools were randomly assigned to either control (65 schools, 3,532 students) or to a 12-session standardized program based on the comprehensive social influence model (78 schools, 3,547 students). Alcohol use and frequency of alcohol-related problem behaviors were investigated through a self-completed anonymous questionnaire at baseline and 18 months thereafter. The association between intervention and changes in alcohol-related outcomes was expressed as odds ratio (OR), estimated by multilevel regression model. Results: The preventive program was associated with a decreased risk of reporting alcohol-related problems (OR = .78, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = .63.98), although this reduction was not statistically significant in the subgroup of 743 current drinkers at baseline. The risk for alcohol consumption was not modified by exposure to the program (OR = .93, 95% CI = .791.09). In the intervention group, nondrinkers and occasional drinkers at baseline progressed toward frequent drinking less often than in the control group. Conclusions: School curricula based on the comprehensive social-influence model can delay progression to frequent drinking and reduce occurrence of alcohol-related behavioral problems in European students. These results, albeit moderate, have potentially useful implications at the population level. (copyright) 2011 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved.
Journal of Adolescent Health, 48(2) : 182-188
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Skills training
Stein, L. A. R., Clair, M., Lebeau, R., Colby, S. M., Barnett, N. P., Golembeske, C., Monti, P. M.
Background: The impact of depressed mood on Motivational Interviewing (MI) to reduce risky behaviors and consequences in incarcerated adolescents was examined in this brief report. Methods: Adolescents (N= 189) were randomly assigned to receive MI or Relaxation Training (RT). Results: At 3-month follow-up assessment, MI significantly reduced risks associated with marijuana use, with a trend towards reducing risks associated with alcohol use. There was also a trend for depressive symptoms to be associated with reduced risks after release. Interaction effects were non-significant, indicating no moderating effects for depressed mood on treatment outcome. Conclusions: MI may be a useful treatment for incarcerated adolescents in order to reduce risks and consequences associated with substance use after release. (copyright) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 118(2-3) : 475-478
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Depressive Disorders, Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative Interventions (CAM)
, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy, Relaxation
Stein, L. A. R., Lebeau, R., Colby, S. M., Barnett, N. P., Golembeske, C., Monti, P. M.
Objective: Motivational interviewing to reduce alcohol and marijuana use among incarcerated adolescents was evaluated. Method: Adolescents (N = 162, 84% male; M = 17.10 years old) were randomly assigned to receive motivational interviewing or relaxation training, with follow-up assessment 3 months after release. Results: Compared with those who received relaxation training, adolescents who received motivational interviewing had lower rates of alcohol and marijuana use at follow-up, with some evidence for moderating effects of depression. At low levels of depression, adolescents who received motivational interviewing had lower rates of use. Adolescents who received relaxation training and who had high levels of depressive symptoms early in incarceration showed less use at follow-up than those low in depressive symptoms who received relaxation training. Conclusions: This brief motivational interviewing intervention during incarceration reduces alcohol and marijuana use after release. In addition, depressive symptoms early in incarceration should be considered in treating these adolescents, but more work is needed to extend follow-up period and account for the impact of depression on outcomes.
Journal of Studies on Alcohol & Drugs, 72(3) : 497-506
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Depressive Disorders, Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative Interventions (CAM)
, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy, Relaxation
Stormshak, Elizabeth A., Connell, Arin M., Veronneau, Marie-Helene, Myers, Michael W., Dishion, Thomas J., Kavanagh, Kathryn, Caruthers, Allison S.
This study examined the impact of the Family Check-Up (FCU) and linked intervention services on reducing health-risk behaviors and promoting social adaptation among middle school youth. A total of 593 students and their families were randomly assigned to receive either the intervention or middle school services as usual. Forty-two percent of intervention families engaged in the service and received the FCU. Using complier average causal effect analyses, engagement in the intervention moderated intervention outcomes. Families who engaged in the intervention had youth who reported lower rates of antisocial behavior and substance use over time than did a matched control sample. Results extend previous research indicating that a family-centered approach to supporting youth in the public school setting reduced the growth of antisocial behavior, alcohol use, tobacco use, and marijuana use throughout the middle school years.
© 2011 The Authors. Child Development © 2011 Society for Research in Child Development, Inc.
Child Development, 82(1) : 209-225
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Tibbits, M. K., Smith, E. A., Caldwell, L. L., Flisher, A. J.
This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the HealthWise South Africa HIV and substance abuse prevention program at impacting adolescents' polydrug use and sexual risk behaviors. HealthWise is a school-based intervention designed to promote social-emotional skills, increase knowledge and refusal skills relevant to substance use and sexual behaviors, and encourage healthy free time activities. Four intervention schools in one township near Cape Town, South Africa were matched to five comparison schools (N = 4040). The sample included equal numbers of male and female participants (Mean age = 14.0). Multiple regression was used to assess the impact of HealthWise on the outcomes of interest. Findings suggest that among virgins at baseline (beginning of eighth grade) who had sex by Wave 5 (beginning of 10th grade), HealthWise youth were less likely than comparison youth to engage in two or more risk behaviors at last sex. Additionally, HealthWise was effective at slowing the onset of frequent polydrug use among non-users at baseline and slowing the increase in this outcome among all participants. Program effects were not found for lifetime sexual activity, condomless sex refusal and past-month polydrug use. These findings suggest that HealthWise is a promising approach to HIV and substance abuse prevention.
Health Education Research, 26(4) : 653-663
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Skills training
Wagner, E. F., Hospital, M. M., Graziano, J. N., Morris, S., Gil, A. G.
The purpose of the current study was to conduct a randomized, controlled trial of a brief school-based Guided-Self Change (GSC) program with minority youth. This study evaluated the effectiveness of this intervention program in reducing alcohol use among participants who presented with co-occurring substance use and violent behavior. Gender and race/ethnicity were also examined as predictors of treatment response. Participants in the current study were recruited across 17 high schools in the Miami-Dade Public School system. The sample included 514 adolescents, aged 15-18 years old (M 16.24, SD 1.16) and was racially/ ethnically diverse: Hispanic 57%, African American 23%, white 6% and other 14%. We used structural equation modeling (SEM-MPlus) to compare GSC treatment vs. standard care (SC) control condition participants on changes in alcohol use over a 9 month time period using the Time Line Follow Back as the primary measure of alcohol use. Results showed that at posttreatment, GSC participants on average drank alcohol 1.09 days less than those in the SC condition (Cohen's d = 0.60). At the 3-month follow-up, the GSC group drank alcohol 0.41 days less than those in the SC condition (Cohen's d = 0.35). Furthermore, for each additional drinking day reported at posttreatment, the number of drinking days were 0.15 days higher at 3 months. Since the GSC participants were drinking significantly less frequently than the SC group at posttreatment, this contributed to the GSC participants drinking less frequently than SC participants at the 3 month follow-up. Formal interaction contrasts were performed to test for gender and race/ethnicity moderated effects. Results indicated that GSC appeared to be equally effective for males and females and for Hispanics and African Americans. Given that underage drinking is a pressing public health problem, and minority adolescents typically underutilize substance use intervention services, it is critical to reach this population in an effective manner. The present study's findings are significant in that school-based settings were successfully utilized to recruit minority youth for participation, and the culturally responsive treatment facilitated engagement and retention. Moreover, treatment participants exhibited significant reductions in alcohol use post treatment. In sum, GSC appears to be a promising approach for reducing adolescent drinking problems across genders and among diverse racial/ethnic groups.
Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 35 : 143A
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions