Disorders - Substance Use Disorders
Botvin, G. J., Baker, E., Dusenbury, L., Tortu, S., Botvin, E. M.
Students (N = 4,466) attending 56 schools in New York State were involved in a 3-year study testing the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral approach to substance abuse prevention. In a randomized block design, schools were assigned to receive (a) the prevention program with formal provider training and implementation feedback, (b) the prevention program with videotaped provider training and no feedback, or (c) no treatment. After pretest equivalence and comparability of conditions with respect to attrition were established, students who received at least 60% of the prevention program (N = 3,684) were included in analyses of program effectiveness. Significant prevention effects were found for cigarette smoking, marijuana use, and immoderate alcohol use. Prevention effects were also found for normative expectations and knowledge concerning substance use, interpersonal skills, and communication skills.
Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 58(4) : 437-46
- Year: 1990
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
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Stage: Universal prevention
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Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Skills training
Bruvold, W. H.
Prominent nonquantitative reviews of research evaluating school-based interventions designed to deter adolescents from the use of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs found the methodology to be flawed and thus little evidence existed that the interventions had the desired impact. Recent meta-analytic reviews indicate that information-focused interventions have more impact upon knowledge but less upon attitudes and behavior whereas alternative interventions have less impact upon knowledge but more upon attitudes and behavior. This result is replicated by the current meta-analysis performed upon eight risk-reduction programs meeting six standard methodological requirements for evaluation research.
Journal of Drug Education, 20(2) : 139-52
- Year: 1990
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
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Stage: Universal prevention
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Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
Friedman, Alfred S.
Compares outcomes, for adolescent drug users, of the functional family therapy approach with a parent group method. The families of adolescent drug abuse clients (aged 14-21 yrs) who were admitted to 6 outpatient drug-free treatment programs were randomly assigned to either the functional family therapy method or a parent group method. In 93% of the family therapy families, one or both parents participated (N=85); but in only 67% of the families assigned to a parent group, one or both parents participated (N=50). At follow-up evaluation 15 mo later (after a 6-mo course of treatment and a 9-mo follow-up period), the clients and their mothers in both groups reported significant improvement on numerous outcome criteria, including reduction in substance use. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in degrees of improvement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
American Journal of Family Therapy, 17(4) : 335-347
- Year: 1989
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
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Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
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Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Family therapy
Pentz, M. A., Dwyer, J. H., MacKinnon, D. P., Flay, B. R., Hansen, W. B., Wang, E. Y., Johnson, C. A.
The entire early adolescent population of the 15 communities that constitute the Kansas City (Kansas and Missouri) metropolitan area has participated in a community-based program for prevention of drug abuse since September 1984. The Kansas City area is the first of two major metropolitan sites being evaluated in the Midwestern Prevention Project, a longitudinal trial for primary prevention of cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use in adolescents. The project includes mass media programming, a school-based educational program for youths, parent education and organization, community organization, and health policy components that are introduced sequentially into communities during a 6-year period. Effects of the program are determined through annual assessments of adolescent drug use in schools that are assigned to immediate intervention or delayed intervention control conditions. In the first 2 years of the project, 22,500 sixth- and seventh-grade adolescents received the school-based educational program component, with parental involvement in homework and mass media coverage. Analyses of 42 schools indicate that the prevalence rates of use for all three drugs are significantly lower at 1-year follow-up in the intervention condition relative to the delayed intervention condition, with or without controlling for race, grade, socioeconomic status, and urbanicity (17% vs 24% for cigarette smoking, 11% vs 16% for alcohol use, and 7% vs 10% for marijuana use in the last month), and the net increase in drug use prevalence among intervention schools is half that of delayed intervention schools.
JAMA, 261(22) : 3259-66
- Year: 1989
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
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Stage: Universal prevention
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Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Szapocznik, Jose, Santisteban, David, Rio, Arturo, Perez-Vidal, Angel, et-al
79 Hispanic families meeting the criteria for at-risk for preadolescents' future drug abuse were randomly assigned to either a family effectiveness training (FET) condition or to a minimum contact control condition. Three sets of analyses were conducted: (1) for all Ss, analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the effects of intervention and preassessment on posttest outcome scores; (2) for Ss with preassessment, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) of the effects of FET and control conditions on outcome, using preassessment scores as covariates; and (3) repeated measures ANOVAs of the long-term impact of FET. Families in the FET condition showed significantly greater improvement on independent measures of structural family functioning, problem behaviors as reported by parents, and on a self-administered measure of child self-concept. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 11(1) : 4-27
- Year: 1989
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
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Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
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Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Hansen, W. B., Johnson, C. A., Flay, B. R., Graham, J. W., Sobel, J.
Two drug abuse prevention curricula were tested to determine their efficacy in preventing the onset of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use among adolescents. The first program focused on prevention through social pressure resistance training. The second featured affective education approaches to prevention. Curricula were tested on seventh grade students. Subjects were pretested just prior to the program and were post-tested at 12 and 24 months. Post-test analyses indicated that the social program delivered to seventh grade subjects was effective in delaying the onset of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use. No preventive effect of the affective education program was observed. By the final post-test, classrooms that had received the affective program had significantly more drug use than controls.
Preventive Medicine, 17(2) : 135-54
- Year: 1988
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
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Stage: Universal prevention
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Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Skills training
Szapocznik, J., Kurtines, W. M., Foote, F., Perez-Vidal, A., Hervis, O.
This report presents additional data for the effectiveness of conducting family therapy through one
person. Data are presented on 35 Hispanic families. Results are reported separately for pre-post and
pre-post versus follow-up. The findings provide further evidence for the effectiveness of one-person
family therapy and also further clarify previously reported results.
Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 54(3) : 395-7
- Year: 1986
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
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Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Family therapy
Tobler, Nancy S.
Conducted a meta-analysis of the outcome results for 143 adolescent drug prevention programs to identify the most effective program modalities for reducing teenage drug use. Five major modalities were identified and their effect sizes computed for 5 outcomes: knowledge, attitudes, use, skills, and behavior measures. The magnitude of the effect size depended on the outcome measure employed and the rigor of the experimental design. On the ultimate criteria of drug use, peer programs were significantly different from the combined results of all remaining programs. Peer programs maintained high effect size for alcohol, soft drugs, and hard drugs, as well as for cigarette use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
Journal of Drug Issues, 16(4) : 537-567
- Year: 1986
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
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Stage: Universal prevention
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Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
Horan, John J., Williams, John M.
Hypothesized that junior high school students exposed to an assertion training program would display more assertive confidence and less willingness to consume drugs than would students in no treatment and placebo conditions. 60 nonassertive 8th graders were randomly assigned to assertion training (in which one-third of the training stimuli involved drug-use peer pressure), placebo discussions focused on similar topics, or no treatment. Assertion training was taught by counselors who used live modeling, role playing, and instruction. Assertiveness was measured by the Assertive Behavior Test, Drug Conformity Scale, and the Follow-Up Drug Refusal Questionnaire. Two weeks later, at posttest, experimental Ss showed highly significant gains on behavioral and psychometric measures of assertiveness as well as decreased willingness to use alcohol and marihuana. At a 3-yr follow-up, data from 18 Ss in each condition showed that experimental Ss continued to display higher levels of assertiveness and less actual drug use. (27 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
American Educational Research Journal, 19(3) : 341-351
- Year: 1982
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
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Stage: Universal prevention
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Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Skills training
Amini, Fariborz, Zilberg, Nathan J., Burke, Edward L., Salasnek, Sheil
74 of 87 delinquent drug-abusing adolescents (mean age 16.1 yrs at initial assessment) randomly assigned to inpatient or outpatient treatment were administered the MMPI and measures of social functioning (disturbance in peer contacts, school disturbance, antisocial behavior, drug and alcohol use, problem alcohol use, and global change) at 1-yr follow-up. Results show no significant differences between the 2 groups except on the global assessment of change: 94% of inpatients vs 74% of outpatients felt "different" from the way they had at initial assessment. Findings on the social functioning measures paralleled those of MMPI profiles. Both groups seemed to improve somewhat. Possible changes that may occur in a subsequent (2-yr) follow-up are discussed. (23 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 23(5) : 436-444
- Year: 1982
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
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Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
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Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Other service delivery and improvement interventions
Milby, J. B., Clarke, C., Toro, C., Thornton, S., Rickert, D.
Twenty-nine polydrug abusers were randomly assigned to three out-patient treatment groups after inpatient detoxification. The groups were outpatient psychotherapy (1) with urine surveillance, (2) without surveillance, and (3) waiting list control. Tests were administered before and 3 months after outpatient treatment began. All groups made positive changes during treatment including significant reduction in drugs abused and numbers of subjects reporting less time spent in illegal activity. Notable significant differences were Group 3's reduction in social introversion vs Groups 1 and 2, and Group 1's retaining fewer drug-using friends and showing greatest reduction in barbiturate use frequency vs Groups 2 and 3. Experimenters concluded urine surveillance was somewhat helpful as an adjunct to outpatient psychotherapy but suggested its effect could be amplified by employing more rigorous surveillance procedures, especially if contingency contracting were utilized.
International Journal of the Addictions, 15(7) : 993-1001
- Year: 1980
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
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Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Other service delivery and improvement interventions