Disorders - Substance Use Disorders
Schinke, S. P., Tepavac, L., Cole, K. C.
This study developed and tested skills- and community-based approaches to prevent substance abuse among Native American youth. After completing pretest measurements, 1,396 third- through fifth-grade Native American students from 27 elementary schools in five states were divided randomly by school into two intervention arms and one control arm. Following intervention delivery, youths in all arms completed posttest measurements and three annual follow-up measurements. Youths in schools assigned to the intervention arms learned cognitive and behavioral skills for substance abuse prevention. One intervention arm additionally engaged local community residents in efforts to prevent substance use among Native American youth. Outcome assessment batteries measured youths' reported use of smoked and smokeless tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana. Over the course of the 3.5-year study, increased rates of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use were reported by youths across the three arms of the study. Though cigarette use was unaffected by intervention, follow up rates of smokeless tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use were lower for youths who received skills intervention than for youths in the control arm. Community intervention components appeared to exert no added beneficial influence on youths' substance use, beyond the impact of skills intervention components alone. Finally, gender differences were apparent across substances, measurements, and study arms, with girls smoking more cigarettes and boys using more smokeless tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana.
Addictive Behaviors, 25(3) : 387-97
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Skills training
Winters, Ken C., Stinchfield, Randy D., Opland, Elizabeth, Weller, Christine, Latimer, William W.
Compares drug use outcome data at 6 and 12 mo post-treatment among 3 groups of adolescents: those who completed treatment, those who did not and those on a waiting list. The authors also compared residential and outpatient samples on outcome among treatment completers. 245 drug clinic-referred adolescents (aged 12-18 yrs), all of whom met at least one Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III-Revised (DSM-III-R) substance dependence disorder. 179 Ss received either complete or incomplete, Minnesota Model treatment principles combining 12-step and psychotherapy approaches). There were 66 waiting list Ss. In addition to demographics and clinical background variables the authors measures included treatment involvement, treatment setting and drug use frequency at intake and follow-up. The results indicated that completing treatment was associated with far superior outcome compared to those who did not complete treatment or receive any at all. Favorable treatment outcome for drug abuse was about 2 to 3 times more likely if treatment was completed. Additionally, there were no outcome differences between residential and outpatient group. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
Addiction, 95(4) : 601-612
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Tobler, Nancy S., Roona, Michael R., Ochshorn, Peter, Marshall, Diana G., Streke, Andrei V., Stackpole, Kimberly M.
This paper reports on a meta-analysis of 207 universal school-based drug prevention programs that compared the self-reported drug use of treatment to control or comparison youth. Programs are classified into Interactive and Non-Interactive groups based on a combination of content and delivery method. Weighted categorical and weighted regression methods have been used to determine the attributes that most effectively reduce, delay, or prevent drug use, including program size, type of control group and leader attrition, target drug, intensity, grade, special population and level of drug use. Program type and size are found to be significant predictors of effectiveness. Non-interactive lecture-oriented prevention programs that stress drug knowledge or affective development show small effects. Interactive programs that foster development of interpersonal skills show significantly greater effects that decrease with large-scale implementations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Journal of Primary Prevention, 20(4) : 275-336
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
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Stage: Universal prevention
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Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement
Aseltine, Robert H., Jr., Dupre, Matthew, Lamlein, Pamela
Presents results of a 3-yr evaluation of Across Ages, an intergenerational approach to drug and alcohol prevention. The program consists of 3 elements: (1) a mentoring program in which youths are matched with older adults who provide ongoing support and encouragement in weekly interactions; (2) community service activities designed to promote involvement with and better understanding of the frail elderly; and (3) a school-based life skills curriculum. Approximately 400 6th grade students took part in the evaluation over a 3 yr period. Students' classes were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 experimental conditions: the mentor condition, the curriculum condition, and the control condition. Youths involved in the study completed questionnaires on 3 occasions: prior to the initiation of program activities, at the conclusion of the program, and again 6 mo following the cessation of program activities. Results indicate that mentoring is associated with lower levels of problem behavior and substance use and higher levels of self-confidence, self-control, cooperation, and attachment to both the school and the family. Students receiving mentoring report lower levels of alcohol use. In contrast, few positive effects of the life skills curriculum or community service activities are observed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
Adolescent & Family Health, 1(1) : 11-20
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Skills training, Other Psychological Interventions
Fishbein, Martin, von Haeften, I., Hall-Jamieson, K., Johnson, B., Ahern, R.
Rapid changes in technology make it increasingly important to understand the impact of modes of presentation and the use of computers to obtain data. In order to begin to explore the effects of new technologies in the domain of anti-drug public service announcements (PSAs), 154 adolescents (aged 9-17 yrs) from the Boys and Girls Clubs of Metropolitan Philadelphia were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 series of 6 anti-drug PSAs or a series of 6 political PSAs (control). Half the Ss viewed and evaluated the PSAs on a laptop computer, while the other half viewed the PSAs on a TV monitor and evaluated them using a paper and pencil self-completion questionnaire. As expected, sets of anti-drug PSAs were judged to be more effective in helping people avoid drugs than the set of political PSAs. There were, however, important differences in effectiveness as a function of gender and ethnicity. In addition, in contrast to previous research, there were only minimal differences between the use of computer methodology and the more traditional TV and paper and pencil methodology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
Psychology, Health & Medicine, 5(3) : 259-270
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Technology, comparing delivery mode (e.g. online vs. face-to-face)
Botvin, G. J., Griffin, K. W., Diaz, T., Scheier, L. M., Williams, C., Epstein, J. A.
National survey data indicate that illicit drug use has steadily increased among American adolescents since 1992. This upward trend underscores the need for identifying effective prevention approaches capable of reducing the use of both licit and illicit drugs. The present study examined long-term follow-up data from a large-scale randomized prevention trial to determine the extent to which participation in a cognitive-behavioral skills-training prevention program led to less illicit drug use than for untreated controls. Data were collected by mail from 447 individuals who were contacted after the end of the 12th grade, 6.5 years after the initial pretest. Results indicated that students who received the prevention program (Life Skills Training) during junior high school reported less use of illicit drugs than controls. These results also support the hypothesis that illicit drug use can be prevented by targeting the use of gateway drugs such as tobacco and alcohol.
Addictive Behaviors, 25(5) : 769-74
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Skills training
Taylor, B. J., Graham, J. W., Cumsille, P., Hansen, W. B.
The efficacy of prevention programs is typically determined through analysis of covariance. To date, a growth curve modeling approach is not used extensively in program evaluation. However, for longitudinal data there are several advantages to using this approach as compared to methods comparing means at two time points in a piecemeal fashion. In this study, latent growth curve models were used to evaluate the effect of a program on the average level of drug use, rate of change (growth) of drug use, and acceleration or deceleration in the rate of change of drug use. The study relied on data from the Adolescent Alcohol Prevention Trial, a randomized longitudinal drug use prevention program. The program consists of drug use information, resistance skills training, and normative education components. Data regarding cigarette and alcohol use were collected over a 5-year period, grade 7 to grade 11. Students receiving the normative education program had significantly lower average levels of reported cigarette and alcohol use, lower rates of growth for reported cigarette and alcohol use, and less deceleration of reported levels of cigarette and alcohol use as compared with the control group. Growth curve analysis is a powerful and effective tool with which to model change and program efficacy.
Prevention Science, 1(4) : 183-97
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Skills training
Goldberg, L., MacKinnon, D. P., Elliot, D. L., Moe, E. L., Clarke, G., Cheong, J. W.
Background: Use of alcohol and other illicit drugs by adolescent male athletes is a significant problem. Participation in sports may encourage use of drugs that enhance athletic performance, especially anabolic steroids (AS). Because, to our knowledge, no other intervention has successfully altered substance abuse by athletes, we developed and assessed the efficacy of a team-centered, sex-specific education program designed to reduce adolescent athletes' intentions to use and use of AS and alcohol and other illicit drugs. Methods: We studied 31 high school football teams that comprised 3207 athletes in 3 successive annual cohorts (1994-1996). The intervention included interactive classroom and exercise training sessions given by peer educators and facilitated by coaches and strength trainers. Program content included discussion of sports nutrition, exercise alternatives to AS and sport supplements, and the effects of substance abuse in sports, drug refusal role-playing, and the creation of health promotion messages. Questionnaires assessing AS, the use of sport supplements and alcohol and other illicit drugs, and potential risk and protective factors were administered before and after the intervention (before and after the football season) and up to 1 year after the program. Results: At season's end, intentions to use (P < .05) and actual AS use (P < .04) were significantly lower among students who participated in the study. Although AS reduction did not achieve significance at 1 year (P<.08), intentions to use AS remained lower (P = .02). Illicit drug use (marijuana, amphetamines, and narcotics) was reduced at 1 year, whether alcohol was included (P = .04) or excluded (P = .02) from the index. Other long-term effects included fewer students reporting drinking and driving (P = .004), less sport supplement use (P = .009), and improved nutrition behaviors (P < .02). Conclusions: Use of alcohol and other illicit drugs and associated harmful activities can be prevented with a sex-specific, team-centered education. School athletic teams provide an optimal environment in which to provide drug prevention and health promotion education.
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 154(4) : 332-338
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Skills training
Henggeler, S. W., Pickrel, S. G., Brondino, M. J.
The effectiveness and transportability of multisystemic therapy (MST) were examined in a study that included 118 juvenile offenders meeting DSM-III-R criteria for substance abuse or dependence and their families. Participants were randomly assigned to receive MST versus usual community services. Outcome measures assessed drug use, criminal activity, and days in out-of-home placement at posttreatment (T2) and at a 6-month posttreatment follow-up (T3); also treatment adherence was examined from multiple perspectives (i.e., caregiver, youth, and therapist). MST reduced alcohol, marijuana, and other drug use at T2 and total days in out-of-home placement by 50% at T3. Reductions in criminal activity, however, were not as large as have been obtained previously for MST. Examination of treatment adherence measures suggests that the modest results of MST were due, at least in part, to difficulty in transporting this complex treatment model from the direct control of its developers. Increased emphasis on quality assurance mechanisms to enhance treatment fidelity may help overcome barriers to transportability.
Mental Health Services Research, 1(3) : 171-84
- Year: 1999
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Multisystemic therapy
Kaminer, Y., Burleson, J. A.
In order to test the hypothesis that adolescent substance abusers could be matched to effective treatments on the basis of their comorbid psychopathology, 32 dually diagnosed adolescents were randomized into two short-term outpatient group psychotherapies: cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT), and interactional treatment (IT). Two follow-up assessments were conducted at 3 and 15 months after planned treatment completion. As reported recently, at the three-month follow-up, no patient-treatment matching effects were identified. However, adolescents assigned to CBT demonstrated a significant reduction in severity of substance abuse compared to those assigned to IT. At 15-month follow-up, there were no differential improvements as a function of therapy type. However, subjects in general maintained significant treatment gains on the substance abuse, family function, and psychiatric status domains of the Teen-Addiction Severity Index (T-ASI), and both CBT and IT were associated with similar long-term gains. Large scale, randomized, controlled treatment studies are further recommended to examine the findings of this small-scale pilot study.
American Journal on Addictions, 8(2) : 114-9
- Year: 1999
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Polansky, Joan M., Buki, Lydia P., Horan, John J., Ceperich, Sherry Dyche, Burows, Deborah Dyer
The effectiveness of 3 substance abuse prevention videotapes derived from contrasting theoretical frameworks (information-based programming, social skills approaches, and assertiveness training) was experimentally evaluated on common prevention outcomes and measures of theoretical relevance. 153 7th and 8th graders were stratified on gender and classroom before being randomly assigned to experimental and control conditions. In a modified replication, 159 9th graders were assessed and treated in a concentrated time span. A series of 2x2x4 (ReplicationxGenderxTreatment) analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) permitted an inspection of the construct validity of emerging effects. Although the assertion-training video produced significantly higher levels of assertiveness among 9th graders, the other 2 videos (derived from information-programming and help-seeking rationales) did not register effects on specific measures of high theoretical relevance. A lack of posttest differences on the common outcomes may be due to low intended consumption levels displayed by participants and/or floor and ceiling effects encountered on outcome measures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 21(2) : 186-198
- Year: 1999
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Skills training
LoSciuto, Leonard, Hilbert, Susan M., Fox, M., Porcellini, Lorraine, Lanphear, Alden
Examined the efficacy of a school-based initiative in reducing and/or preventing alcohol, tobacco, and drug (ATD) use in "at-risk" youth. This evaluation represents a final report on the Woodrock Youth Development Project (YDP). Data from two cohorts, representing two academic program years, were combined to yield a final sample of 718 elementary and middle school youth (aged 6-14 yrs). Youth were assigned randomly to either an experimental or control condition. Surveys containing several psychosocial measures were administered at pretest and posttest. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to examine the impact of YDP on ultimate and intermediate outcome variables. Findings indicated that YDP participation was related to significant reductions in self-reported substance abuse in the last month and in lifetime as well as improvements in race relations and self-reported school attendance. These findings are discussed in relation to the program and other prevention efforts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
Journal of Early Adolescence, 19(4) : 488-507
- Year: 1999
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Skills training