Disorders - Substance Use Disorders
Najavits, Lisa M., Gallop, Robert J., Weiss, Roger D.
This randomized, controlled trial evaluated a manualized psychotherapy, Seeking Safety (SS), for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD) in adolescent females. To our knowledge, no prior study has evaluated any psychotherapy designed for this population. SS was compared to treatment as usual (TAU) for 33 outpatients, at intake, end-of-treatment, and 3 months follow-up. SS evidenced significantly better outcomes than TAU in a variety of domains at posttreatment, including substance use and associated problems, some trauma-related symptoms, cognitions related to SUD and PTSD, and several areas of pathology not targeted in the treatment (e.g., anorexia, somatization). Effect sizes were generally in the moderate to high range. Some gains were sustained at follow-up. SS appears a promising treatment for this population, but needs further study and perhaps additional clinical modification.
Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 33(4) : 453-63
- Year: 2006
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
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Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Skills training
Nozu, Y., Watanabe, M., Kubo, M., Sato, Y., Shibata, N., Uehara, C., Kikuchi, N., et-al
Objective: To examine the effectiveness of a drug abuse prevention program focusing on social influences for drug education classes in high school. Methods: The social influence program in the experimental group used role-playing led by a pharmacist, a police officer and a teacher. The intervention evaluation used a quasi-experimental design. The subjects were first-year students from 10 high schools assigned to the experimental group (6 schools, 828 students) and the control group (4 schools, 408 students). In the control group, a pharmacist used a conventional information program in a lecture format. Results: Regarding knowledge about drug abuse, in both the experimental and control groups, and for both males and females, a long-term effect was observed immediately after the program and lasted up to 15 months. For three other measures, attitudes toward drug abuse problem, self-efficacy regarding drug abuse prevention, and perception of social support for preventing drug abuse, a short-term effect was generally observed in the experimental group beginning immediately after the program and lasting for 3 months. A long-term effect was evident in high-risk students with positive opinions regarding drugs. In the control group and for both males and females, although an effect was generally evident immediately after the program, neither a short- nor a long-term effect was observed in males, suggesting the difficulty in achieving lasting effects. Conclusions: The social influence program in the experimental group showed remarkable effectiveness. Thus, the program may be useful for preventing drug abuse among high school students in Japan.
Environmental Health & Preventive Medicine, 11(2) : 75-81
- Year: 2006
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
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Stage: Universal prevention
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Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Skills training
McCambridge, Jim, Strang, John
AIM: To test whether beneficial effects of a single session of Motivational Interviewing (MI) on alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use apparent after 3 months were maintained until 12 months. DESIGN: Cluster randomized trial, allocating 200 young people in the natural groups in which they were recruited to either MI (n = 105) or to an assessment-only control condition (n = 95). SETTING: Ten further education colleges across inner London. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred young people who were current users of illegal drugs (age range 16-20 years) with whom contact was established through peers trained for the project. INTERVENTION: The intervention was adapted from MI in the form of a topic-based 1-hour single-session discussion. MEASUREMENTS: Changes in cigarette, alcohol, cannabis and other drug use and perceptions of risk and harm between the time of recruitment and follow-up interviews after 3 and 12 months. FINDINGS: A satisfactory follow-up rate (81%) was achieved. After 12 months, 3-month differences between MI and assessment-only groups have disappeared almost entirely. Unexpected improvements by the assessment-only control group on a number of outcomes suggest the possibility of reactivity to the research assessment at 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: In the terms of the original experiment, there is little evidence of enduring intervention effectiveness shown by between-group differences after 12 months. Deterioration of effect is the most probable explanation, although reactivity to 3-month assessment, a late Hawthorne effect, cannot be ruled out.
Addiction, 100(4) : 470-8
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
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Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
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Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy
Kulis, Stephen, Marsiglia, Flavio F., Elek, Elvira, Dustman, Patricia, Wagstaff, David A., Hecht, Michael L.
A randomized trial tested the efficacy of three curriculum versions teaching drug resistance strategies, one modeled on Mexican American culture; another modeled on European American and African American culture; and a multicultural version. Self-report data at baseline and 14 months post-intervention were obtained from 3,402 Mexican heritage students in 35 Arizona middle schools, including 11 control sites. Tests for intervention effects used simultaneous regression models, multiple imputation of missing data, and adjustments for random effects. Compared with controls, students in the Latino version reported less overall substance use and marijuana use, stronger intentions to refuse substances, greater confidence they could do so, and lower estimates of substance-using peers. Students in the multicultural version reported less alcohol, marijuana, and overall substance use. Although program effects were confined to the Latino and multicultural versions, tests of their relative efficacy compared with the non-Latino version found no significant differences. Implications for evidence-based practice and prevention program designs are discussed, including the role of school social workers in culturally grounded prevention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Children & Schools, 27(3) : 133-145
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
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Stage: Universal prevention
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Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Skills training
Lam, C. W., Shek, D. T. L., Ng, H. Y., Yeung, K. C., Lam, D. O. B.
Recent approaches to drug prevention have turned to focus on comprehensive strategies that target early risk factors and that strengthen protective factors in adolescence. Objective: To develop a drug prevention program that is evidence-based and conceptually sound for the Chinese community. Study group: The "Astro" project was designed for high-risk youths in Hong Kong and consisted of three psychosocial primary prevention programs conducted in structured group sessions. Methods: A three-year longitudinal study and control group comparisons are integrated in this project for the program evaluation. Results and conclusions: The findings showed that the experimental group, after participating in the programs, was generally better than the control group in terms of social skills, knowledge of drugs, refusal skills, attitudes towards drugs, and the behavioral intention to avoid drug abuse. It suggests that this program could function well as a drug prevention program. copyright Freund Publishing House Ltd.
International Journal of Adolescent Medicine & Health, 17(4) : 343-353
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Skills training
Jones, D. J., Olson, A. L., Forehand, R., Gaffney, C. A., Zens, M. S., Bau, J. J.
Four years of longitudinal data from 2,153 families with a 5th- or 6th-grade preadolescent participating in a family-focused pediatric primary-care-based prevention program were used to examine whether prevention effects were moderated by positive parenting and/or adolescent gender. Alcohol and tobacco use, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems were examined. Although findings revealed no main effect of the prevention program, positive parenting and adolescent gender were moderators of internalizing problems and adolescent gender was a moderator of externalizing problems. Clinical implications and future directions for research are discussed. copyright 2005 Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy.
Behavior Therapy, 36(4) : 347-355
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Elliott, Lawrence, Orr, Linda, Watson, Lynsey, Jackson, Andrew
This paper reviews the international scientific evidence on the effectiveness of secondary prevention interventions for young drug users. The review provides insight into the effectiveness of interventions that have been evaluated using moderately strong research designs. Most of the studies included are from the United States of America. Some interventions are effective in reducing drug use and associated problems while others have no or mixed effect. Those successful in reducing drug use include behavior therapy, Minnesota 12-step programs, residential care, and general drug treatment. Those with either no effect or mixed effect include schools interventions. Involving parents and other agencies may enhance an intervention's effect. There is a lack of good quality studies outside the USA. Future interventions should focus on either low- or high-risk groups of young drug users. Future research should be conducted on a wider range of services for young people and include non-medical outcomes such as communication skills, schooling, employment, family relations, and economic costs. [References: 37]
Adolescence, 40(157) : 1-22
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
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Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
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Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
Williams, Christopher, Griffin, Kenneth W., Macaulay, Araxi P., West, Tara L., Gronewold, Elizabeth
The purpose of the present study was to examine the efficacy of a substance abuse-preventive intervention using CD-ROM technology among adolescents in the sixth and seventh grades (12- to 13-years-old). The CD-ROM program used interactive audio and video content to teach social resistance skills, general personal and social competence skills, and normative education. Rates of substance-use behavior attitudes, knowledge, normative expectations, and related variables were examined. From approximately 23 schools, students (n = 123) were randomly assigned to either receive the CD-ROM preventive intervention (n = 61) or to serve as a control group (n = 62). Study participants were 50% male, predominantly white (75%), and 94% came from two-parent families. Self-report data were collected using a self-administered web-based survey. Findings indicated that there were significant intervention effects on pro-drug attitudes, normative expectations for peer and adult substance use, anxiety reduction skills, and relaxation skills knowledge, with intervention students reporting improved scores on these outcomes at the posttest relative to control students. Findings indicate that a substance abuse-preventive intervention derived from an effective, school-based prevention approach is efficacious when delivered using CD-ROM technology. Research is needed to determine potential differences in the efficacy of CD-ROM prevention tools delivered in schools compared to home settings.
Substance Use & Misuse, 40(6) : 869-78
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Skills training, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Terzian, M. A., Fraser, M. W.
For many youths, aggressive behavior and drug use have roots in conduct problems that begin in early childhood. Many preventive interventions-universal, selective, and indicated-are based on this finding. These programs are designed to interrupt developmental trajectories that lead to delinquency, drug abuse, and other serious social problems. A number of prevention programs have been developed and tested in public schools. Surprisingly, although family risk factors loom large in the etiology of conduct problems, few school-based programs have involved families. This study reviews six family-oriented, school-based programs that have produced promising findings in rigorous evaluations. The purpose of this paper is to describe these programs and distill from them core family-oriented prevention strategies for use in public school settings. Based on our review, these include: (a) strengthening the skills of both children and parents; (b) creating opportunities for parents and teachers to communicate more readily; (c) promoting bonds of attachment between children and parents and between parents and teachers; and (d) involving teachers in training on managing classroom disruptions, understanding peer dynamics, and promoting positive learning environments in their classrooms. copyright 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Aggression & Violent Behavior, 10(4) : 407-435
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
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Stage: Universal prevention
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Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
St-Pierre, Tena L., Osgood, D. Wayne, Mincemoyer, Claudia C., Kaltreider, D. Lynne, Kauh, Tina J.
Reported are results of an independent effectiveness study of the Project ALERT drug prevention program implemented in eight Pennsylvania middle schools by outside program leaders employed by Cooperative Extension. In this randomized, 2-cohort longitudinal evaluation, 1,649 seventh-grade students completed a pretest and four waves of posttests over the 2-year program and 1-year follow-up. Project ALERT's effectiveness was tested through a 3-level hierarchical linear model. Analyses failed to yield any positive effects for substance use or mediators for use in the adult or teen-assisted delivery of the curriculum. An extensive set of additional analyses detected no differential program effects by student risk level, gender, school, or level of implementation quality. Potential explanations for outcomes relative to Project ALERT's original effectiveness trial are discussed, as well as implications for future research, including the need to conduct independent effectiveness studies of previously validated programs in a variety of contexts.
Prevention Science, 6(4) : 305-17
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
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Stage: Universal prevention
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Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Psychoeducation, Skills training
Tait, Robert J., Hulse, Gary K., Robertson, Suzanne I., Sprivulis, Peter C.
We evaluated the 12-month outcomes of a brief intervention, enhanced by a consistent support person, which aimed to facilitate referral attendance for substance use treatment following a hospital alcohol or other drug (AOD) presentation. Outcomes were assessed as: attendance for substance use treatment; the number of hospital AOD ED presentations; change in AOD consumption and psychological wellbeing (GHQ-12). We recruited 127 adolescents, with 60 randomised to the intervention and 67 receiving usual care. At 12 months, 87 (69%) were re-interviewed. Significantly more of the intervention than the usual care group (12 versus 4) had attended a treatment agency. Excluding the index presentations, there were 66 AOD hospital presentations post intervention, with the proportion of AOD events falling for the intervention group, whilst no change occurred for the usual care group. Irrespective of randomisation, those who attended for substance use treatment had a greater decline in total self-reported drug use than the remainder. Both intervention and usual care groups had improved GHQ-12 scores by 12 months, with reduction in GHQ scores correlated with reduced drug use. In conclusion, while brief intervention in ED only has limited success in facilitating adolescents to attend for subsequent AOD treatment, it can significantly reduce the number of AOD related ED presentations.
Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 79(3) : 359-63
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
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Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
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Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Werch, Chudley E., Moore, Michele M., Diclemente, Carlo C., Owen, Deborah M., Carlson, Joan M., Jobli, Edessa
Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a single drug, i.e., alcohol, against a multiple drug preventive intervention. Methods. A controlled trial was conducted with 448 8th grade students (mean age = 13 years old) from an inner-city middle school (n = 216) and a rural junior high school (n = 232) in 2000-2001. Students were randomized within school, and 3-month post-intervention follow-up data were collected. Results. Two risk/protective factors were found to differ significantly in favor of youth receiving the single drug alcohol intervention (p's = 0.03), while the frequency of alcohol use and two additional risk/protective factors approached significance (p's < 0.10). Conclusion. These findings support the potential efficacy of a brief, single drug preventive intervention over a brief, multi-drug intervention in producing short-term alcohol outcomes for adolescents, and indicate differential effects of interventions for subgroups of substance using youth. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Substance Use & Misuse, 40(8) : 1085-1101
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
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Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions