Disorders - Substance Use Disorders
Lochman, John E., Wells, Karen C.
This study evaluates the effects of an indicated preventive intervention and a universal preventive intervention. Children were identified as being at risk on the basis of 4th-grade teachers' ratings of children's aggressive and disruptive behaviors, and interventions were delivered during the 5th- and 6th-grade years. Children were randomly assigned to the Coping Power intervention, the universal intervention, the combined Coping Power plus universal intervention, or a control condition. The Coping Power program included child and parent components. Results indicated that all 3 intervention cells produced relatively lower rates of substance use at postintervention than did the control cell. The interventions also produced effects on 3 of the 4 predictor variable domains: children's social competence and self-regulation and parents' parenting skills.
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 16(4 ) : S40-54
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Skills training
Kaminer, Yifrah, Burleson, Joseph A., Goldberger, Ronit
The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus psychoeducational therapy (PET) for adolescent substance abusers. Eighty-eight consecutively referred predominantly dually diagnosed adolescents were randomized to one of two eight-week, outpatient group psychotherapy conditions. Drug urinalysis and the Teen-Addiction Severity Index (T-ASI) were used as outcome measurements. Treatment completion rate was 86%, follow-up location rate was 95%, and rates of posttreatment at 3- and 9-month follow-up evaluation were 80% and 65%, respectively. Comorbid conduct disorder was significantly associated with treatment noncompletion and reduced follow-up rate. CBT subjects exhibited significantly lower rates of positive urinalysis than did PET subjects for older youth and male subjects at 3-month follow-up evaluation. Most T-ASI subscales indicated sound improvement from baseline to 3- and 9-month follow-up evaluation across conditions. Reduction in substance use was achieved regardless of treatment conditions. Replication of these findings, continued exploration of potential matching effects of conduct disorder, age, and gender to singular or integrative treatment modalities, and exploration of aftercare programs for the maintenance or enhancement of treatment gains are warranted.
Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 190(11) : 737-45
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
, Psychoeducation
Kaminski, Ruth A., Stormshak, Elizabeth A., Good, Roland H.,, Goodman, Matthew Reader
The effectiveness of a comprehensive intervention with preschool children aimed at reducing the risk of later substance abuse was examined. The intervention targeted risk factors during the preschool years linked to later substance use in adolescence and adulthood. Head Start classrooms were randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control group. A classroom-based curriculum was delivered by Head Start teachers who received a number of training workshops and continued consultation. Parent training and home visits were also provided to intervention families. Positive parenting as well as parent-school involvement increased over the 1st year of intervention. Intervention families maintained the positive effects on parenting into the kindergarten year over a matched control group; however, effects on school bonding were not maintained. Improvements in social competence, reported by teachers and parents, were found at the end of kindergarten. No changes were found for self-regulation.
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 16(4 ) : S11-26
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Henggeler, Scott W., Clingempeel, W., Brondino, Michael J., Pickrel, Susan G.
Although several treatments for adolescent substance abuse have been identified as promising by reviewers and federal agencies, treatment effects extending beyond 12 months have not been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials. The primary purpose of this report was to examine the 4-year outcomes of an evidence-based treatment of substance-abusing juvenile offenders. Eighty of 118 substance-abusing juvenile offenders participated in a follow-up 4 years after taking part in a randomized clinical trial comparing multisystemic therapy (MST) with usual community services. A multimethod (self-report, biological, and archival measures) assessment battery was used to measure the criminal behavior, illicit drug use, and psychiatric symptoms of the participating young adults. Analyses demonstrated significant long-term treatment effects for aggressive criminal activity (0.15 versus 0.57 convictions per year) but not for property crimes. Findings for illicit drug use were mixed, with biological measures indicating significantly higher rates of marijuana abstinence for MST participants (55% versus 28% of young adults). Long-term treatment effects were not observed for psychiatric symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(7) : 868-874
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Multisystemic therapy
Godley, Mark D., Godley, Susan H., Dennis, Michael L., Funk, Rodney, Passetti, Lora L.
In many treatment systems, adolescents referred to residential treatment have the most serious alcohol or other substance use disorders and are at high risk of relapse. Upon discharge, these adolescents are typically referred to continuing care services, however, linkage to these services is often problematic. In this study, 114 adolescents (76% male) who stayed at least 7 days in residential treatment were randomly assigned to receive either usual continuing care (UCC) or UCC plus an assertive continuing care protocol (ACC) involving case management and the adolescent community reinforcement approach. ACC participants were significantly more likely to initiate and receive more continuing care services, to be abstinent from marijuana at 3 months postdischarge, and to reduce their 3-month postdischarge days of alcohol use. Preliminary findings demonstrate an ACC approach designed for adolescents can increase linkage and retention in continuing care and improve short-term substance use outcomes.
Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 23(1) : 21-32
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
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Stage: Relapse prevention
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Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Case management
Friedman, Alfred S., Terras, Arlene, Glassman, Kimberly
In this prevention-early intervention project, for inner-city, low SES, court-adjudicated male adolescents, conducted in a residential treatment center, new admissions were randomly assigned to either a program participant group (in a triple-modality social learning program in the classroom), or to a control group. Results: The follow-up assessment (N = 251), at six months after discharge to home and community, showed that the program group reported a significantly greater degree of reduction in drug use/abuse, and in the selling of drugs, but not in alcohol use, or in illegal violent behavior, or in school problems. By means of dosage and process analyses, it was determined that (1) it was the Botvin LST program that was effective in reducing substance use/abuse and the selling of drugs; and (2) that those participants who participated more positively in the Prothrow-Stith Anti-Violence program reduced their violent behavior at follow-up to a significantly greater degree. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 11(4) : 43-65
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Skills training
Morris, Julie, Parker, Howard, Aldridge, Judith
Based on North American evidence that multi-component drugs prevention programmes have an impact on reducing young people's drug taking, the Integrated Programme (IP) was designed and delivered to adolescents (aged 12-17 yrs) in northern England during 1998-1999. The IP was evaluated by comparing the attitudes and drug-taking behaviour of nearly 2000 young people before and after programme delivery. Action sites (which received the IP) and comparison sites (which did not) were randomly allocated once baseline survey measurements had been taken. Controlling for key variables multiple logistic regression was used to measure the odds ratio of drug taking on 20 measures for young people in both action and comparison sites based on a follow-up survey. The results suggested that young people who received the IP were more likely to reduce harder drug use and maintain a softer drug-taking repertoire than those in the comparison sites. However, these 'gains' were small and inconsistent and the IP had no impact on reducing initiation/first trying rates. The results were thus only indicative that such programmes might be effective in the UK context. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy, 9(2) : 153-168
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Marques, A. C., Formigoni, M. L.
AIMS AND DESIGN: A randomized clinical trial was performed to evaluate the influence of two formats of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy (individual vs. group) in the treatment of alcohol and/or drug dependent patients. SETTING: Public outpatient drug dependence service. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred and fifty-five alcohol and/or drug-dependent patients. INTERVENTION: The patients were randomly assigned to individual (n = 77) or group (n = 78) treatment formats. The treatment was developed into two phases: acquisition (eight sessions) and maintenance (nine sessions), distributed over an 8-month period. MEASUREMENTS: Alcohol and drug use, severity of dependence, and alcohol- and drug-related problems were evaluated at pre-treatment and 15 months after admission to treatment. FINDINGS: At follow-up evaluation both groups of patients presented similar levels of drug consumption, dependence and associated problems. Although group-treated patients reported slightly higher levels of alcohol consumption (both at baseline and follow-up) differences between the formats disappear if baseline levels are included as covariates. Compliance with treatment and a measure of drug severity were predictors of success for the drug dependents. The number of sessions attended and high GGT levels at admission were positively correlated with success for the alcohol dependents. CONCLUSIONS: The two modalities presented similar outcomes and, as the group format could present a better cost-benefit ratio, it may be used without decreasing compliance with treatment or treatment effectiveness.
Addiction, 96(6) : 835-46
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Dent, Clyde W., Sussman, Steve, Stacy, Alan W.
Examined the generalizability of a successful classroom-based prevention program developed for youth at alternative high schools (high risk) to youth at general high schools. A replication of a previously tested prevention program in a general high school population was conducted with 1-year follow-up data. Classrooms within each of three schools (n=1208) were randomly assigned to two conditions, classroom education or standard care control. Statistically significant effects on alcohol and illicit drug use were achieved in this population through a 1-year period following the program, although effects were not achieved on cigarette smoking and marijuana use. These results suggest that this program (Project Towards No Drug Abuse) has applicability to a wide range of older teens. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
Preventive Medicine, 32(6) : 514-520
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Other Psychological Interventions
Azrin, Nathan H., Donohue, Brad, Teichner, Gordon A., Crum, Thomas, Howell, Jennifer, DeCato, Leah A.
There is a strong comorbid relationship between conduct and substance disorders in youth. However, there is an absence of controlled studies that have explicitly examined treatment efficacy in this dually-diagnosed population. In the present study, 56 such youth (aged 12-17 yrs) were randomly assigned to receive either individual-cognitive therapy or family-behavioral therapy. Subjects in both intervention groups demonstrated significant improvements in their conduct and reductions in their use of illicit drugs from pre-treatment to post-treatment, and these results were maintained at follow-up. Measures of youth satisfaction with parents, parent satisfaction with youth, and overall mood of these youth demonstrated similar improvements and closely corresponded with improvements in standardized measures of conduct and drug use. No significant differences were found in conduct or reductions of illicit drug use between subjects in the two intervention conditions at post-treatment, or at 6-month follow-up. Study implications are discussed in light of these results. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 11(1) : 1-43
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
, Family therapy, Problem solving therapy (PST)
Waldron, Holly Barrett, Slesnick, Natasha, Brody, Janet L., Charles, W., Thomas, R.
This randomized clinical trial evaluated individual cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), family therapy, combined individual and family therapy, and a group intervention for 114 substance-abusing adolescents. Outcomes were percentage of days marijuana was used and percentage of youths achieving minimal use. Each intervention demonstrated some efficacy, although differences occurred for outcome measured, speed of change, and maintenance of change. From pretreatment to 4 months, significantly fewer days of use were found for the family therapy alone and the combined interventions. Significantly more youths had achieved minimal use levels in the family and combined conditions and in CBT. From pretreatment to 7 months, reductions in percentage of days of use were significant for the combined and group interventions, and changes in minimal use levels were significant for the family, combined, and group interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 69(5) : 802-813
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
, Family therapy, Psychoeducation
Spoth, R. L., Redmond, C., Shin, C.
This study examined the long-term substance use outcomes of 2 brief interventions designed for general population families of young adolescents. Thirty-three public schools were randomly assigned to 3 conditions: the 5-session Preparing for the Drug Free Years Program, the 7-session Iowa Strengthening Families Program, and a minimal contact control condition. The pretest involved 667 6th graders and their families. Assessments included multiple measures of initiation and current use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana. Pretest data were collected in the 6th grade and the reported follow-up data were collected in the 10th grade. Significant intervention-control differences in initiation and current use were found for both interventions. It is concluded that brief family skills-training interventions designed for general populations have the potential to reduce adolescent substance use and thus have important public health implications.
Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 69(4) : 627-42
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions (any)
, Skills training, Other Psychological Interventions